Control of the Effectiveness

The blue reaction is very useful in determining the amylose-amylopectin composition of starch,69,196,277 and in controlling of the effect of mechano-chemical and enzymic treatment and fractionation of starch79,71,204,278-289... 

The optimum dosage of coagulant corresponds to the lowest residual turbidity or the lowest TSS content in the supernatant. However, the use of turbidity is not always appropriate (see Chapter 6), and TSS measurement is time consuming and therefore too slow to be used for process control. The UV spectrophotometric study enables the control of the effect of ferric chloride dosage. A decrease in absorbance is observed all along the spectrum, especially between 230 and 350 nm where colloids and TSS are responsible for a diffuse absorbance. 

Rasmussen, Jens. Approaches to the control of the effects of human error on chemical plant safety. In International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents, American Inst, of Chemical Engineers, February 1987. 

The controllability of the effective refractive index (by the fill factor f) of a subwavelength grating enables applica-... 

The Doppler effect provides a large tuning range and easy control of the effective wavelength of the laser light. 

A solid product or residue is formed, and the chemical reaction is fast, which leads to a control of the effective rate by pore diffusion through the outer layer free of solid reactant. The concentration of the gaseous reactant at the surface of the unreacted core is then negligibly small (model 2 in Figure 4.6.1). 

Due to the more accurate verification and criticism of cathodic protection criteria used up to now, the possibility of introducing new, more rational criteria is being considered. The so-called kinetic criteria will probably be adopted. Modern investigation techniques using the theory of kinetics of electrode processes will probably find application in direct measurements of the corrosion current on cathodically polarized structures. Instead of intermediate control of the effectiveness of anticorrosion protection on the basis of potential measurements, it seems significantly more purposeful to maintain a corrosion rate of the cathodically protected structure in an accepted range. 

From the presented review, it is apparent that at present we do not have at our disposal a reliable and effective electrochemical technique enabling rapid and accurate determination of the corrosion current of metals in cathodic polarization conditions, although achievement of the assumed aim seems much closer. At present, there is a significant demand for such types of methods, which could be the basis of modem on-line monitoring systems of corrosion of polarized structures, and would introduce an expected technological breakthrough in the control of the effectiveness of electrochemical protection. 

PEGs are ideal carriers for sodium stearate and sodium aluminum hydrox-ylactate. For, unlike ethanol or isopropanol, they are not volatile and thus permit reliable control of the effectiveness of deodorant, perfume, and insect-repellent sticks. The most suitable grades are the liquid PEGs 200 and 600. 

Attention has to be paid to the chemical and physical conditions of the white water circuit and to the measurement and control of the effectiveness of various chemical additives (Table 3.12). On-line measurements and integrated process control give the best and constant performance of multifunctional chemical combinations. Of similar importance are the methods and positions for metering chemical additives to the paper production system as well as the sequence of their addition (Fig. 3.28). 

Control of the effective micropore size of gel networks and separation characteristics... 

Accordingly, control of the effective micropore size of the networks by forming a gel membrane can be achieved relatively easily, allowing for concentration and separation functions in the gel. 

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