Contrast media ultrasound imaging

Other imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound have opened up avenues of tremendous potential for contrast medium enhancement (123). Ultrasound contrast media developments have centered around encapsulated air micro-bubbles. Magnetic resonance contrast agents iavolve metal—ligand complexes and have evolved from ionic to nonionic species, much as radiopaques have. 

One of the concerns of embolization treatment is the local radiation of the gonads. Reduction of radiation can be achieved with the combined approach of X-ray and ultrasound imaging to facilitate the supraselective embolization of the arteriocavern-ous fistula reducing the radiation exposure and the applied dose of contrast medium [8]. It seems rational to advise refrainment from reproductive activ-... 

An aq. soln. at 31° contains 30% a-pyr, 64% P-pyr, 2.5% a-fur, 3.5% P-fur and 0.02% aldehyde. Active ingredient of Levovist , used in echo-enhancement in sonographic Doppler-B-mode imaging. Ultrasound contrast medium. 

As these patients have diminished renal function due to the obstruction, intravenous contrast medium with delayed fluoroscopic imaging is no longer used unless contrast medium has already been administered as part of a CT study and there is adequate opacification of the calices. Ultrasound (US) is used to guide the needle towards a posterior (usually lower pole) calix. An initial US will give an appreciation of the position of the kidney relative to certain surface landmarks such as the twelfth rib. The skin is then cleansed and draped and local anesthetic administered, both to the skin and deeper to the surface of the renal capsule. 

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