Contract analytical laboratories, quality control

Most of these techniques are not commonly used for adhesive bonding and other applied problems because of sample constraints, the equipment needed, the information obtainable, or the analysis required. The instrumentation for others has become commercially available in the past 10 to 15 years and the techniques themselves are more developed. During this period, the usefulness of surface analysis has been established for basic and applied research as well as for quality control and failure analysis. As a result, more and more universities, laboratories, and industrial corporations are either developing their own surface analytical capability or contracting for external services. 

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