Continuous reaction gas

Continuous reaction gas chromatography The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over Pt/g-A1203 (with A.W. Wardwell and R.W. Carr, Jr.). American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 196. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society (1982). 

Continuous Reaction Gas Chromatography The Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane over Pt/y-Al203 

Continuous reaction of organic 290-420 ppm S03/inert gas passed in at 26-54°C. Reaction 170 

The equilibrium continues to shift as the temperature of the reaction-gas mixture falls. Eventually a further 15% of the nitrogen oxide has reacted to form nitrogen dioxide, and 3% of this nitrogen dioxide reacts to form nitrogen tetroxide. 

The steam production section comprising the steam superheater and waste-heat boiler is designed to lower the reaction-gas temperature from 645°C to 280°C (further oxidation in these vessels will also continue to produce reaction heat). Steam of sufficient quality is to be produced for export to the adjacent ammonia and ammonium nitrate plants. Medium-pressure steam (at 380°C and 4000 kPa) is preferred. 

Three gas chromatographes, each kept under different conditions, were simultaneously used to analyse all reaction gas components as continuously as possible. In the special case of a very rapid response with the period shorter than a few minutes, the same response was repeated a few times and the results obtained were superimposed in order to draw a response curve as continuously as possible. 

The primary influences on reaction rates, selectivities, and mechanisms are the bulk physical properties of the fluid, which can be varied continuously from gas-like to liquid-hke. 

TFE is obtained by the thermal decomposition of this monochlorodifluoromethane (known as Freon) in a continuous noncatalytic gas-phase reaction, carried out at or below atmospheric pressure at temperatures from 600 to 900°C  

Since oxygen is a substrate, Vmax and Km are functions of the oxygen concentration co2> which is fixed by Po2 in the continuously flowing gas phase. At low values of CG, the reaction is pseudo-first-order with respect to glucose, and (A) simplifies to 

There are, however, two broad classes of exceptions to this conclusion. The first comes with the slow reaction of a gas with a very porous solid. Here reaction can occur throughout the solid, in which situation the continuous reaction model may be expected to better fit reality. An example of this is the slow poisoning of a catalyst pellet, a situation treated in Chapter 21. 

Mode of operation (Semi)batch or continuous concurrent upward motion of phases Continuous concurrent upward motion of phases Continuous concurrent upwani or downward in different parts of the reaction zone Continuous concurrent upward motion of phases Continuous concurrent (1) or countercurrent (2) upward (a) or downw-ard (b) irickle-bcd (1 +b) Continuous countwcurrcni gas upward liquid downward Cominumis concurrent downward 

Water in its supercritical state has fascinating properties as a reaction medium and behaves very differently from water under standard conditions [771]. The density of SC-H2O as well as its viscosity, dielectric constant and the solubility of various materials can be changed continuously between gas-like and liquid-like values by varying the pressure over a range of a few bars. At ordinary temperatures this is not possible. For instance, the dielectric constant of water at the critical temperature has a value similar to that of toluene. Under these conditions, apolar compounds such as alkanes may be completely miscible with sc-H2O which behaves almost like a non-aqueous fluid. 

In bubble-column slurry reactors, momentum is transferred to the liquid phase by the movement of gas bubbles. The liquid medium is stationary in most cases. Finely divided solids with particle diameters of the order of 0.01 mm are used. The operation is usually carried out in columns with high height-to-diameter ratios. The operation may be employed for batchwise conversion of a liquid reactant, or for continuous reaction between gaseous reactants. 

---