Contiguous blocks

Contiguous block a prespecified number of subvalidations (A) are done, where a contignons block of calibration samples are removed. 

For time-series data, the contiguous block method can provide a good assessment of the temporal stability of the model, whereas the Venetian blinds method can better assess nontemporal errors. For batch data, one can either specify custom subsets where each subset is assigned to a single batch (i.e., leave one batch out cross-validation), or use Venetian blinds or contiguous blocks to assess within-batch and between-batch prediction errors, respectively. For blocked data that contains replicates, one must be very careful with the Venetian blinds and contiguous block methods to select parameters such that the rephcate sample trap and the external subset traps, respectively, are avoided. 

Venetian Blinds Contiguous Blocks Random Subsets Leave-One Out Custom... 

Block-wise cross-validation a pre-specified number of sub-validations are done, for each of which a contiguous block of a pre-specified number of calibration samples are removed. 

Often, sequence variants are inherited together in a contiguous block, or haplotype. A schematic representation of haplotypes (and alleles) and an explanation are given in Figure 37-1 and its legend. 

The site of the study was on timberlands owned by Potlatch. The sites were located in Bradley County in eastern Arkansas. Company personnel identified typical first thinning, second thinning, and mature stands on which to perform the representative bundling studies. The eharacteristics of the three stands harvested for this study are described in Table 1. The stands were contiguous blocks, with the first-thinning site comprised of... 

In pH zone refining, solutes are not eluted as separated peaks but as contiguous blocks of constant concentrations, so that it is highly difficult to monitor the separation by means of a U V detector. Online pH monitoring is generally used, allowing the observation of transitions between solutes, since each zone has its own pH determined by the pA a and the solute concentration. The experiment was carried out in stop-flow mode. 

Block Copolymers Under certain conditions, linear chains can be formed that contain long contiguous blocks of two (or more) repeating units combined in the chains termed a block copolymer. 

The decay of the spatial block entropy, which gives the amount of information contained in a block of N contiguous site values ai,...,aN needed to predict the value (Jn+i is considerably slower than [block-length), and is therefore indicative of very long and complex correlations we will come back to this point later in chapter 4, following our discussion of dynamical system theory. 

We first generalize the nomenclature. Consider a Euclidean d-dimensional lattice L, with translation group Gp. A frame, F, of L is defined to be a finite subset of (not necessarily contiguous) sites of L that is closed under (i) intersection, (ii) union, (iii) difference and (iv) operations g Gp. A block, Bp, is a specific assignment... 

ST-segment elevation of at least 1 mm in height in two or more contiguous leads, or new or presumed new left bundle-branch block... 

Particularly important to the pathways of modular synthases is the incorporation of novel precursors, including nonproteinogenic amino acids in NRP systems [17] and unique CoA thioesters in PK and fatty acid synthases [18]. These building blocks expand the primary metabolism and offer practically unlimited variability applied to natural products. Noteworthy within this context is the contiguous placement of biosynthetic genes for novel precursors within the biosynthetic gene cluster in prokaryotes. Such placement has allowed relatively facile elucidation of biosynthetic pathways and rapid discovery of novel enzyme mechanisms to create such unique building blocks. These new pathways offer a continued expansion of the enzymatic toolbox available for chemical catalysis. 

Composite electrodes used in the electrochemical processes are often partially active since they are composed of the active powder material and the inactive binder and conductor. The partially blocked active electrode can be characterized by the contiguous fractal with dy < 2.0. In the case of the electrodes composed of the active islands on an inactive support, they are characterized by the non-contiguous fractal with dy < 2.0.121... 

Application of this work to a domino process using 51 involves Michael addition of P-ketoesters [91], p-diketones or P-ketosulfones [92] to a,P-unsaturated ketones followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction provides highly functionalised cyclohexanone building blocks with up to four contiguous chiral centres. Gryko has also reported examples of this domino Michael/intramolecular aldol reaction in the coupling of 1,3-diketones and methyl vinyl ketone using L-proUne as catalyst [93],... 

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