Contents 1 First-order Energy Surfaces

The energy and momentum content of particles coming off the surface reflect the exchange of energy between the different degrees of freedom during interaction with the surface. The simplest case with full thermal accommodation is found in thermal desorption. Without interactions between the adsorbed particles, the rate follows first-order kinetics... 

Another group of initiator systems are metal halides (e.g., ZrC, TiCl4, etc.) and metallic oxyhalides (e.g., vanadium oxychloride) prepared on silica gel such as Cab-O-Sil (with a surface OH content of ca. 1.5mEq/g) or on a carbon black such as channel black or furnace black [492,513]. NVP and i-BusAl are added to a toluene slurry of this material. The reaction mixture is heated up to 80°C to yield 25% of PVP [513]. The polymerization initiated by carbon black at room temperature was totally inhibited by pyridine and DMF, which indicates the cationic nature of the reaction [514]. The polymerization rate is first order in carbon black [492]. The activation energy of the polymerization was determined to be 85 kJ/mol from an Arrhenius plot [514]. 

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