Containment initial injection mode

Due to the very fast ion-exchange equilibrium, such an analysis can be performed either in batch ot even in flow injection mode [147, 182, 183], as in the example reported in Fig. 7.10. This property allows the application of ZMEs in the frame of detectors for ion chromatography. In this case, the renewal of the electrode that includes more or less high quantities of the analyte may consist of a step in which a short stream of the pristine electroactive species is made flow on the electrode surface to restore the initial capacity of the zeolite. The chromatographic carrier reaching the detection zone either contains a size-excluded cation, as happens in Fig. 7.10, or consists of pure water, as in the case of ion chromatography with a suppression device [156, 183]. 

Different boundary conditions are needed for operation modes other than elution. Usually, there are no difficulties in translating the experimental procedure into a set of appropriate boimdary conditions. If the injection is performed in a mobile phase containing an additive (initial condition as in Eq. 2.6), for example, the botmdary condition for this additive after the injection is completed, is usually... 

Fig. 8 Measured AMS pToF distributions for diesel POA particles injected into a smog chamber containing SO A from a-pinene ozonolysis. POA particles are evident as a distinct mode at 180 mn for only 5 min (upper panel) after which they vanish into the SOA seeds (initially at 300 nm, ultimately at 400 nm, lower panel). Both the timing and coincident size distributions of the ultimate particle distribution confirm that mixing of POA into SOA occurred via evaporation of fresh POA and subsequent condensation and full (volume) mixing into the SOA seeds...

The in-contaimnent refuelling water storage tank can provide sufficient injection until the contaimnent sump floods up high enough to initiate recirculation flow. In this long-term cooling mode, the core is covered and the steam boils off into the contaimnent. The water in the containment sump provides recirculation flow to the core through the direct vessel injection line. 

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