Consumer-driven value

Consumer-driven value networks. The combination of retail, consumer manufacturers, logistics providers, and chemical suppliers to provide products for sale in retail channels. 

If it were based on effort, the relationships should be stronger. There is no supply chain that has sponsored more industry programs to build value chain collaboration than the consumer-driven value chain. They were many. Over the last 10 years, there have been a myriad of programs to improve collaboration BCR, collaborative forecasting and replenishment, the Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Solutions Association, and the Foundation for Strategic Sourcing Association. However, the industry has made little progress. There are four fundamental issues ... 

The principal objective of technical service in the chemical industry is to provide timely and professional information and support to downstream customers regarding chemical products and thek uses. It is neither cost-effective nor necessary for a consumer of chemical products to develop a staff of speciahsts having detailed expertise in all aspects of chemical raw materials and thek uses, particularly in a time of increa singly complex and rapidly technologically driven economies. Rather, this variety of expertise is provided in the chemical marketplace by technical service professionals whose knowledge and skills are made available by chemical products suppHers. As such, successful chemical companies provide technical service as a critical element of thek offerings to the marketplace making use of this aspect of the value chain to enhance thek competitiveness. 

The answer - and hence the challenge - is value driven innovation innovation driven by the changing environment, technological opportunity, and the consumer. Technology push will no longer suffice Innovation must be driven by consumer pull. 

Two rationales for change pertain to market-driven, consumer-oriented features of motor vehicles. One is the value of power train electrification, enabling highly controllable, quiet, smooth, and customized responsiveness to driver input. The other is the need for ample onboard electric power to provide a variety of amenities as well as enable power train electrification. 

We can now estimate how many molecules of ATP are formed when glucose is completely oxidized to GO2. The number of ATP (or GTP) molecules formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is unequivocally known because it is determined by the stoichiometries of chemical reactions. In contrast, the AT P yield of oxidative phosphorylation is less certain because the stoi chiometries of proton pumping, ATP synthesis, and metabolite-transport processes need not be integer numbers or even have fixed values. As stated earlier, the best current estimates for the number of protons pumped out of the matrix by NADH-Q oxidoreductase, Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, and cytochrome c oxidase per electron pair are four, two, and four, respectively. The synthesis of a molecule of ATP is driven by the flow of about three protons through ATP synthase. An additional proton is consumed in transporting ATP from the matrix to the cytoplasm. Hence, about 2.5 molecules of cytoplasmic ATP are generated as a result of the flow of a pair of electrons from NADH to O2. For electrons that enter at the level of Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, such as those from the oxidation of succinate or cytoplasmic NADH, the yield is about 1.5 molecules of ATP per electron pair, Hence, as tallied in Table 18.4, about 30 molecules of ATP are formed... 

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