Constructive synthesis approach

Balakrishna, S. and Biegler, L.T., 1992a. Constructive targeting approaches for the synthesis of chemical reactors. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 31(1), 300. 

S. Balakrishna and L. T. Biegler. A constructive targetting approach for the synthesis of isothermal reactor networks. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31 300, 1992a. 

Fig. 7. The final set of mechanisms produced here and their correspondence to the mechanisms constructed by Happel et al. (1990). As was explained earlier, the intermediate 7 does not need to be eliminated because its column contains only zeros. All the direct mechanisms identified by Happel el at. (1990) have been produced. However, the last three mechanisms in Figure 7 are actually identical. Hence, the simple procedure discussed here does not preclude multiple occurrences of the same mechanism, or, as the next example will show, the occurrence of mechanisms that are not direct. For small studies this is not a significant drawback, because one can easily eliminate the redundancies in the end. The potential duplication of mechanisms and construction of indirect mechanisms are addressed by Mavrovouniotis (1992). [Reprinted with permission from Mavrovouniotis, M. L., and Stephanopoulos, G. Synthesis of reaction mechanisms consisting of reversible and irreversible steps I. A synthesis approach in the context of simple examples . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31, 1625-16.37, (1992). Copyright 1992 American Chemical Society.]...

The objective in the control or separation processes has evolved from the control of the components of a process that already has been designed and often constructed to an integrated plan involving simulation, desiga, and control. Chemical process synthesis approaches that jnclnde control structures have been suggested only recently and are not well developed. 

Over the last 10 years, a burst of publications and reviews has been focused on the translation of different types of organic reactions towards the solid phase. The difficulty of transferring certain key reactions to the solid phase has stimulated solution phase library synthesis approaches which may be more effective. Cycloaddition reactions allow straightforward and often stereoselective construction of cyclic systems, which can serve as templates for further derivatization. Therefore, cycloaddition reactions play a key role in combinational chemistry sequences. The translation of cycloaddition reactions, especially 1,3-dipolar- [2] and Diels-Alder reactions [3] to the solid phase has been extensively studied. Although the benefits of high pressure for all type of cycloaddition reactions (e.g. [4 + 2] 1,3-dipolar, [2 + 2]) have been very well illustrated in past decades, the application of high pressure to solid phase cycloaddition reactions is still in its infancy. 

This part of our work shows that the construction of SFDs can yield valuable information about the phase formation in the synthesis of mesostructured materials and about the underlying mechanisms. However, constructing the SFDs presented here was a tedious and time-consuming task. Therefore, we have developed a parallel synthesis approach, using an autoclave block which allows the simultaneous preparation of 24 samples under hydrothermal conditions and has considerably shortened the time needed to construct an SFD. ... 

Rearrangement reactions have been well used in several total synthesis approaches for the construction of otherwise hard-to-access molecular frameworks, and in the past few years the first asymmetric organocatalytic versions of several synthetically useful sigmatropic rearrangements have appeared in the literature [78]. 

The proofs-as-programs approach to program synthesis—also classified as constructive synthesis—is based on the Curry-Howard isomorphism [Howard 80], which states that there is a one-to-one relationship between a (constructive) proof of an existence theorem and a program that actually computes witnesses of the existentially quantified variables of the theorem. Given a specification in the functional form ... 

---