Construction rules Logical

The system can do this by applying several rules in succession to construct a logical sequence of deduction, which is known as chaining. 

Logical construction rules are tangent, parallel, perpendicular, concentric, continuous, coincident, symmetric, intersected, point on element, collinear, connect, and equal (Figure 7-21). 

Although the ES can be constructed using rules with only one action and one condition, rules need not be restricted to a single condition or action. They may contain several parts joined by logical operators, such as AND, OR, and NOT, so that the conclusions depend on more than one premise or test. 

In 1928, A. M. Patterson, later one of the authors of the Ring Index, wrote Any attempt to construct a strictly logical system of names for the large number of parent ring systems now known seems impractical, at least as far as common use is concerned. 7 This sentiment is no less applicable today. For heterocycles in particular, the number of trivial names in current use is large. In the 1969 IUPAC Rules,6 63 trivially named heterocyclic skeletons with various degrees of unsaturation are listed, with a further 25 in the 1973 Tentative Rules (Section D).8 Chemical Abstracts nomenclature rules list 83 such skeletons with maximum unsaturation, many of which are not included by IUPAC. Thus, although systematic operations are often required to derive the name of a heterocyclic skeleton, the parent names to which these operations are applied are frequently trivial. 

The act of discovery escapes logical analysis there are no logical rules in terms of which a "discovery machine" could be constructed that would take over the creative function of the genius. But it is not the logician s task to account for scientific discoveries all he can do is to analyze the relation between given facts and a theory presented to him with the claim that it explains these facts. In other words, logic is concerned with the context of justification. 

To facilitate the definition of integration rules, additional graph constructs, e.g. paths and derived attributes, are to be supported by the wrapper. Comparable to the definition of logical documents, these constructs have to be defined and interpreted at runtime. This is due to the fact that the Comos PT data model can be customized to the needs of specific users and, thus, it cannot be foreseen e.g. which paths will be needed in the future. 

Dolata and Carter [17] and Leach and Prout [18] developed two programs, WIZARD and COBRA, for the systematic conformational analysis using symbolical logic and techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). The basic idea of this approach is to develop a set of rules for the construction of molecular models derived from the method of a human expert who recognizes conformational units with well-known optimum geo-... 

To provide for the alternating multiplication factors of 2 and 4 in equation 2.2, the spreadsheet design needs to include a conditional multiplier for the construction of the Simpson s rule integration as a sum over the projected values on the mesh points. MOD() is one of the functions available in the library of the function wizard in EXCEL, which is activated by the toolbar icon f. MOD() returns the remainder in a division. The presence or absence of such a remainder, then, permits a logical operator such as the IF() operator to be triggered as TRUE or FALSE. For example, for TRUE the cell entry can be set to 2, for FALSE the entry can be set to 4 and this procedure enables the various multiplications in equation 2.2. Thus, enter the formula... 

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