Gene expression constitutive

The statement that not the compound itself but its biosynthetic route has the taxonomical sig ni cance may be still valid. However, we know already that the biosynthetic route consists of complex metabolomic process including the genomic constitution, gene expression, transcriptional and translational regulation, enzyme activities at different biosynthetic levels, interactions with transporters, translocation, and spatial isolation (Dudareva et al., 2006 Dinesh and Nagegowda, 2010). The result of the enzymatic reaction is determined not only by the availability and constitution of the enzyme but also by the availability of precursors and different interactions therefore, the simple presence or absence of a certain enzyme in general cannot determine the nal product. 

Rud I, Jensen PR, Naterstad K, Axelsson LA (2006) Synthetic promoter library for constitutive gene expression in Lactobacillus plantarum. Microbiology 152 1011-1019 Rud I, Solem C, Jensen PR, Axelsson L, Naterstad K (2008) Co-factor engineering in lactobacflli effects of uncoupled ATPase activity on metabolic fluxes in Lactobacillus (L) plantarum and L. sakei. Metab Eng 10 207-215... 

Beere, H.M., Morimoto, R.I., Hickman, J.A. (1993). Investigations of mechanisms of drug-induced changes in gene expression N methylformamide-induced changes in synthesis of the M(r) 72,000 constitutive heat shock protein during commitment of HL-60 cells to granulocyte differentiation. Cancer Res. 53, 3034—3039. 

Ellis, J.G., Llewellyn, D.J., Dennis, E.S. Peacock, W.J. (1987). Maize Adh-1 promoter sequences control anaerobic regulation addition of upstream promoter elements from constitutive genes is necessary for expression in tobacco. EM BO Journal, 6, 11-16. 

A number of subtle dysfunctions occur at the cellular and molecular levels in the early stages of disease progression associated with the loss of cellular homeostatic functions of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages which constitute the major cell types in the atheroma environment. These events include the modification of the pattern of gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. 

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