Constitutional Aspects

An R-matrix has a series of interesting matheinatical properties that directly reflect chemical laws. Thus, the sum of all the entries in an R-matrix must be zero, as no electrons can be generated or annihilated in a chemical reaction. Furthermore, the sum of the entries in each row or column of an R-matrix must also he zero as long as there is not a change in formal charges on the corresponding atom. An elaborate mathematical model of the constitutional aspects of organic chemistry has been built on the basis of BE- and R-matriccs [17. ... 

Dendrimers have precise compositional and constitutional aspects, but they can exhibit many possible conformations. Thus, they lack long-range order in the condensed phase, which makes it inappropriate to characterize the molecular-level structure of dendrimers by X-ray diffraction analysis. However, there have been many studies performed using indirect spectroscopic methods to characterize dendrimer structures, such as studies using photophysical and photochemical probes by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as studies using spin probes by EPR spectroscopy. 

Explosives and Dangerous Chemicals Constitutional Aspects of Search AND Seizure... 

Thus, the investigation of the constitutional aspect of the chemistry of an FIEM(A) provides us with knowledge about the constitutional aspect of the logical structure of chemistry. 

In the theory of be- and r-matrices the constitutional aspect of an EM is represented by the he-matrices, and the chemical reactions are represented by additive transformations of the be-matrices by the action of the r-matrices. 

When chemical reactions with a constitutional aspect and a stereochemical aspect are written as ligand preserving reactions, then their stereochemical aspect is accounted for by set-valued mappings of the left cosets of the chemical identity groups of the EM of educts and the EM of products. Thus, for example, one can immediately tell how many and which stereoisomeric products may conceivably result from a given reaction [35],... 

This is a true metric in the set of matrices belonging to the given FIEM it is simply the number of electrons involved in an interconversion of B to E, and measures how closely B and E are related with regard to that constitutional aspect. 

To the present authors best knowledge, the term chemical topology originates with V. Prelog who introduced it for certain model concepts of the stereochemistry of individual molecules (see ReL and and Ref. cited therein). The concept of chemical topology as a metric topology whose subsets represent the constitutional aspect of chemical systems and their relations, however, seems to be novel. 

Any progress in chemistry may be interpreted as the recognition of new equivalence relations and classes. Until recently, a universal model of chemistry could not be defined, because we lacked the concepts for a mathematical treatment of the constitutional aspect of chemistry. Therefore it is necessary to consider any constitutionally different molecular systems as equivalent regardless of the number of molecules which they contain, if, in principle they are interconvertible through chemical reactions. 

The main constitutional aspects concerned only with the way each subunit is linked to the other subunits are linkedness and connectedness. 

Knowledge within the railway industry of the control aspects of regulatory law followed a similar hierarchical pattern as the constitutive aspects of regulation. So they were better understood by senior personnel, largely again for situational reasons, namely that they have the most contact with regulatory officials. 

Mechanistic models incorporate the underlying understanding of physics and chemistry into the models. Typically, we can identify three major aspects in mechanistic modeling that cover conservation and constitutive aspects ... 

Wiliam, K., Hurlbut, B. and Sture, S., Experimental and constitutive aspects of concrete failure. In Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures, eds. C. Meyer and H. Okamura, Tokyo, 1985, pp. 226-54. 

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