Regulation constitutive aspects

Knowledge within the railway industry of the control aspects of regulatory law followed a similar hierarchical pattern as the constitutive aspects of regulation. So they were better understood by senior personnel, largely again for situational reasons, namely that they have the most contact with regulatory officials. 

Bijlefeld, Marjolijn, ed. The Gun Control Debate A Documentary History. Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press, 1997. A collection of more than 200 primary source documents relating to gun control issues. Includes historical, constitutional, legal, and legislative aspects of gun regulation. 

In Chapter 11 the effects of binding of hormones to cell surface receptors have been emphasized. Equally important are the mechanisms that control the secretion of hormones. The topic of exocytosis has been considered briefly in Chapter 8, Section C,6 and aspects of the Golgi in Fig. 20-8 and associated text. Both hormones and neurotransmitters are secreted by exocytosis of vesicles. Cells have two pathways for secretion.386 387 The constitutive pathway is utilized for continuous secretion of membrane constituents, enzymes, growth factors, viral proteins, and components of the extracellular matrix. This pathway carries small vesicles that originate in the trans-Golgi network (TGN Fig. 20-8). The regulated pathway is utilized for secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters in response to chemical, electrical, or other stimuli. 

The 10th Amendment limits federal regulation to matters specifically described in the U.S. Constitution and grants to the states authority over all other matters. Because health care is not mentioned in the Constitution, it must be regulated on a state basis, which is why licensure of optometrists and other health care providers is determined by state law. See Classe JG. Legal aspects of optometry. Boston Butterworth, 1989 133-156. 

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