Congestive heart failure angiotensin-converting enzyme

Chymostatin-sensitive Il-generating enzyme Carvedilol Post-Infarct Survival Control in Left Ventricular Dysfunction Trial Collaborative Study Captopril Trial ( The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Diabetic Nephropathy ) calcium channel blocking agents Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Morbidity and Mortality Trial congestive heart failure, but the latest recommendations use HF for heart failure chronic kidney disease cardiac output... 

Inhibitors of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE-inhibitors) have been introduced into cardiovascular medicine, in particular for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHE). 

Enalapril maleate is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, it lowers peripheral vascular resistance without causing an increase in heart rate. The maleate salt (enalapril) allows better absorption after oral administration. It is an ideal drug for hypertensive patients who are intolerant to beta-blocker therapy. It also shows promise in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Following oral adminishation, enalapril is rapidly absorbed and hydrolysed to... 

Drug Class Angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors Suffix -pril Common Examples Captopril, enalapril Primary Indication or Desired Effect (Chapter in Parentheses) Antihypertensive [21], congestive heart failure [24]... 

In addition, a vasodilator in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor has been used in congestive heart failure. The vasodilators may be classified as venodilators, arterial dilators, or balanced-type vasodilators. 

Parenteral 40, 80, 160 mg/mL for IV injection 80, 160, 320 mg/dL in 5% dextrose for IV infusion Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Labeled for Use in Congestive Heart Failure Captopril (generic, Capoten)... 

Congestive heart failure (CHF), other high-risk patients Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition Enalapril Captopril Ramipril Reduction in cardiovascular, all-cause mortality reduced hospitalizations and recurrent CHF in patients post-MI, with CHF and with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) CONSENSUS SAVE SOLVD AIRE HOPE >23,000 14... 

ACE inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used for hypertension and congestive heart failure. 

NSAIDs should be avoided in patients with chronic renal insufficiency due to the risk of inducing further kidney damage. In patients at risk, acute renal feilure can occur after a single dose of drug. Risk fectors include dehydration, hypertension, congestive heart failure, concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and advanced age. 

Further complicating this issue is the fact that the relative therapeutic benefit of treatments such as thrombolytic therapy, hypocholesterolemic ther-apy, postmyocardial infarction [3-locker treatment, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in congestive heart failure in patients over the age of 75 is similar to that seen in younger patients. Unfortunately, these data create a dilemma in that dramatic therapeutic advances have been made for many illnesses that afflict the elderly, yet administration of multiple medications increases the likelihood of adverse drug events. 

One of the most successful drugs of recent years is captopril [l-(3-mercapto-2-(S)-methyl-l-oxopropyl)-(S)-proIine] [6]. It is an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and is widely used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. The stereochemical purity of captopril was investigated after esterification and acylation by enantio-selective gas chromatography using a XE-60-L-val-(S)-a-phenylethyI-amide column (43). 

MacFadyen RJ, Lees KR, Reid JL. Differences in first dose response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in congestive heart failure a placebo controlled study. Br Heart J 1991 66(3) 206-11. 

Abbreviations NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PG = prostaglandin, RBF = renal blood flow, GFR = glomerular filtration rate,HTN = hypertension, DM = diabetes mellitus, = potassium, RAA = renin-angiotensin- aldosterone, CHF = congestive heart failure, AGE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, SLF = systemic lupus erythematosis. 

Theophylline Captopril Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Bronchodilation Vasodilation in the presence of congestive heart failure... 

Massie BM, Berk MR, Brozena SC, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Results of the Flosequinan-ACE Inhibitor Trial (FACET). Circulation 1993 88 492-501. 

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