Scanning confocal microscopes

Figure Bl.18.11. Confocal scanning microscope in reflection the pinliole in front of the detector is in a conjugate position to the illumination pinliole. This arrangement allows the object to be optically sectioned. The lens is used to focus the light beam onto the sample and onto the pinliole. Thus, the resulting point spread fimctioii is sharpened and the resolution increased.

Fig. 4.7 Confocal scanning microscope image of (top) a spinodal phase separation structure Ti02 thin film, and (bottom) the cross-sectional height profile of the above picture across the solid line. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100].

P 56] Mixing was analyzed by fluorescence flow visualization using a confocal scanning microscope [146]. Water and aqueous solutions (0.02 w.-%) were mixed using syringe pumps at flow rates of 3, 30 and 150 pi min-1. 

Fig. 8.4 Confocal scanning microscope used for Raman microscopy...

Minsky M. Memoir in inventing the confocal scanning microscope. Scanning 1988 10 128-138. 

APPLICATIONS OF DELAYED FLUORESCENCE AND LASER CONFOCAL SCANNING MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUES IN MONITORING ARTIFICIAL ACID RAIN STRESS ON PLANTS... 

Delayed Fluorescence and Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope Techniques 365... 

Skuce, P. J., Johnston, C. F., Fairweather, I., Halton, D. W. and Shaw, C. (1990a) A confocal scanning microscope study of the peptidergic and serotonergic components of the nervous system in larval Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 101 227-234. 

J.-A. Conchello, E. W. Hanssen "Enhanced 3-D Re- [117] construction from Confocal Scanning Microscope Images. Deterministic and Maximum Likelihood Recon- [118] strauctions, App. Opt. 29 (1990) no. 26. 3795-3804. 

Fig. 6.1 Schematic of a laser confocal scanning microscope. The laser illumination spot is scanned across the sample. Reflected light is de-scanned and passed through the beam splitter and the confocal aperture to the detector. The detector of transmitted light may be present as an accessory, but it gives a normal, not a confocal, optical microscope image.

A full 3D reconstruction gives exact, not statistical, 3D information. Clearly, such a reconstruction requires many images. These may be images of parallel planes, from the TEM of serial sections, or from the AFM of the serial cut faces that microtomy would leave. The confocal scanning microscope (see Section 6.2) is often used to form a 3D image by taking... 

---