Confocal microscopy, corneal

Rojanasakul et al. [88] found that most of these enhancers (in particular, EDTA, digitonin, and sodium deoxycholate) increased the corneal permeability, and they may lead to severe cellular membrane damage as indicated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and electro-physiological techniques. 

Rosenberg ME, Tervo TM, PetroU WM, Vesaluoma MH. In vivo confocal microscopy of patients with corneal recurrent erosion syndrome or epitheUal basement membrane dystrophy. Ophthalmology 2000 107 565-573. 

The effects of a test substance on the cornea are measured quantitatively as an increase in thickness (swelling), subjectively as scores for corneal opacity, the area of corneal involvement, fluorescein penetration, and morphological changes to the corneal epithelium. Two additional endpoints may be incorporated into the protocol or used ad hoc to supplement existing data. This includes the use of histopathology to confirm or identify the extent of irritancy at the histology level (especially if the irritancy fells between moderate and severe) and the use of confocal microscopy to determine the extent and depth of ocular injury [69, 70], see also Section 4.2.3. 

Alomar, T.S., Al-Aqaba, M., Gray, T., et al., 2011. Histological and confocal microscopy changes in chronic corneal edema implications for endothelial transplantation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52 (11), 8193-8207. 

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