Confocal microscope diagram

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a laser scanning confocal microscope.

Fig. 2. Diagram of the optical path of the bilateral laser scanning confocal microscope (InSIGHT). Real-time confocal imaging is obtained through the use of a double-sided mirror which simultaneously scans the sample and the oculars or detector at video rates. BSO, beam shaping optics LM, laser mirror D, dichroic M4, mirrors SM, scanning mirror G, galvonometer L1-L3 lenses S, variable slit.

Fig. 3. Simplified diagram of the confocal components of the AC AS 570. The laser beam is expanded to provide a diffraction limited spot at the sample. A focusing lens in front of the detection system directs the fluorescence from the focal plane through an adjustable pinhole. In the bilateral laser scanning confocal microscope, a similar technique is employed with a cursor rather than a point for illumination and detection.

The images are displayed digitally on a PC and can be manipulated there as required. Another diagram of the confocal microscope is shown in Figure 4.3. 

Figure 4.3 Schematic diagram of a specific confocal microscope (Courtesy of the Olympus Fluoview website www.olympusfluoview.com).

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the scanning laser confocal microscope. The out-of-focus information that normally reaches the eyepiece (detector) and leads to difficulties in interpreting optical images is rejected because the optical path does not take it through the pinhole. By scanning the incident laser beam across the sample, a digitized image is constructed from the infocus light rays that pass through the pinhole.

The basic optical pathway for the confocal microscope is shown in Fig. 1 (redrawn in part from Carl Zeiss The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope). This schematic diagram represents the optical pathway and image information flow of a confocal laser scanning microscope. All principle components of a generic CLSM are labeled. 

Fig. 6. Diagram showing the light path of a confocal microscope.

Fig. 13.11 Top Schematic diagram of pH-induced drug release from pH-cleavable diug-loaded supramolecular capsule. CMD-g-p-CD (caiboxymethyl dextran-p-cyclodextrin), PAD-g-AD (polyaldehyde dextran-graft-adamantane), AD-Dox (adamantine-doxonibicin conjugate), Dex-g-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran). Bottom Confocal microscope image of HeLa cells treated with AD-Dox loaded capsules at (a-c) pH 5.5 (al) enlarged image a Dox fluorescence in cells b phase contrast image c overlay fluorescence and phase eontrast image. Scale bar 50 pm. Reproduced from [88] with permission from Ameriean Chemieal Society...

Figure 3.17 Block diagram of a typical confocal Raman microscope employing CCD detection...

Figure 9.29 Optical diagram of a Raman microscope. A pinhole spatial filter consists of a pinhole confocal diaphragm (Dj and D2). (Reproduced with permission from G. Turrell and J. Corset, Raman Microscopy, Developments and Applications, Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Company, London. 1996 Elsevier B.V.)...

Schematic diagram of the experimental set-ups comprising a PDMS microfiuidic channei and a microstage (a) A schematic view of a 3D serpentine PDMS channei and four measurement spots along the channel distance (a) at 0,15 mm, (b) at 28.5 mm, (c) at 68,4 mm, and (d) at 105.7 mm. (b) the optical arrangements for focusing the laser on the PDMS channel on the stage of confocal Raman microscope...

Figure 2. Diagram of a confocal Raman detection system. A Helium-Neon laser is focused onto a sample through a microscope objective. Raman signals are epi-detected and sent to either an avalanche photodiode detector (APD) for imaging or dispersed onto a CCD camera in the spectrometer.

Figure 1 is a diagram of the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This microscope utilizes laser light, and various lasers can be used depending on the objects. For example, a UV laser is used for fluorescence imaging (Ar ion laser at 365 ran) and a visible laser for reflection imaging (Ar ion laser at 488 ran). For a detector, normally a... 

Fig. 1 Conceptual diagram of a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Figure 6.1. Schematic diagram of a laser scanning coirfocal microscope. The critical confocal feature is the pinhole aperture in front of the detector that rejects light coming from outside the focal plane. The transmitted light mode shown is not confocal.

FIGURE 6 Schematic diagram of a confocal Raman microscope. 

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