Confocal light scattering

The principle of a confocal microscope is illustrated by Figure 11.9, by comparison to a conventional, infinity-corrected microscope. Light scattered from two sample depths, Z] and zi, is indicated by the solid and dashed lines. 

Lasers. Laser sources (discussed earlier in the Spectrophotometry section) are widely used in fluorescence applications in which highly intense, well-focused, and essentially monochromatic light is required. Examples of these applications include time-resolved fluorometry, flow cytometry, pulsed laser confocal microscopy, laser-induced fluorometry, and light-scattering measurements for particle size and shape. Several different types of lasers are available as an excitation source for fluorescence measurements (see Table 3-3). 

Figure 28.10 A confocal microscopy set-up for light scattering spectroscopy and imaging using femtosecond white light continuum as a probe light.

CD Circular dichroism Die Differential interference contrast DLS Dynamic light scattering FTIR Fourier-transform infrared LSCM Laser scanning confocal microscopy LCST Lower critical solution temperature Me Methyl... 

Figure 4.86 Schematic operation of a confocal chromatic sensor. White light (1) Is focused through a hyper-chromatic lens system (2) onto the sample (3) and only the light scattered In Its focal plane reaches the spectrometer (4) with high Intensity.

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