Conductivity, electrical molten salt standards

The molten salt standard program was initiated at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1973 because of difficulties being encountered with accuracy estimates in the NBS-NSRDS molten salt series. The density, surface tension, electrical conductivity, and viscosity of KNO3 and NaCl were measured by seven laboratories over the world using samples distributed by RPI. The data from these round-robin measurements of raw properties were submitted to RPI for evaluation. Their recommendations are summarized in Table 2. 

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) molten salts database has been designed to provide engineers and scientists with rapid access to critically evaluated data for inorganic salts in the molten state. Properties include density, viscosity, electrical conductance, and surface tension. Properties for approximately 320 single salts and 4000 multicomponent systems are included, the latter being primarily binary. Data have been abstracted from the literature over the period 1890-1990. The primary data sources are the National Bureau of Standards-National... 

G. J. Janz, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 9 (1980) 791 Molten Salts Data as Reference Standards for Density, Surface Tension, viscosity and Electrical Conductance KN03 and NaCl, American Chemical Society-American Institute of Physics-National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 1980. 

G. J. Janz, F. W. Dampier, G. R. Lakshminoraganan, P. K. Lorenz, and R. P. T. Tomkins, Molten Salts Vol. 1, Electrical Conductance, Density and Viscosity Data, United States Department of Commerce, National Standard Reference Data Series, Natural Bureau of Standards 15, Washington, 1968. 

Titanium can be produced by electrolytic reduction from an anhydrous molten salt electrol)Te that contains titanium(IV) chloride and a spectator salt that furnishes ions to make the electrolyte conduct electricity. The standard enthalpy of formation of TiC ll) is -750 kj mol , and the standard entropies of TiC ll), Ti(s), and Cl2(g) are 253, 30, and 223 J mol respectively. What minimum applied voltage will he necessary at 100°C ... 

References (i) Janz, G.J. (1967) Molten Salts Handbook. Academic Press, New York (ii) Lovering, D.G and Gale, R.J. (1983,1984, and 1990) Molten Salts Techniques, Vol. 1, 2, i and 4. Plenum Press, New York, (iii) Janz, G.J. (1988) Thermodynamic and Transport Properties for Molten Salts Correlation equations for critically evaluated density, surface tension, electrical conductance and viscosity data. Journal of Physical and Chemical Refrence Data. Vol. 17, Supplement 2, Published jointly by the American Chemical Society (ACS), the American Institute of Physics (AIP), and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and (iv) Barin, I., and Knacke, O. (1973) Thermodynamical Properties of Inorganic Substances. 

Janz, G.J., Danpier, F.W., Lakshminarayanan, G.R., Lorenz, P.K., and Tomkins, R.P.T. (1968) Molten Salts Volume 1, Electrical Conductance, Density, and Viscosity Data, National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards (NSRDS-NBS15), U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 47-49, 52. 

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