Conditions for high and low

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Fe redox cycling through biological processes. A large number of pathways are involved in dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction, as listed in Table 2. Processes that occur under oxic conditions are placed near the upper part of the diagram, and those that occur under anoxic conditions are placed in the lower part of the diagram. Major lithologic sources of Fe are noted for high and low oxygen environments.

In this paper we analyze the attenuation of cathodic protection (CP) current/potential in conditions of high and low soil resistivity that are typical for... 

Typical radial distribution functions of the bulk macroion solution at the conditions that correspond to both low and high surfactant concentrations are shown in Fig. 5. The main differences between two curves for high and low surfactant concentrations are concerned the positions of the maxima and minima and the magnitude of the oscillations. In the case of high surfactant concentration the location of the first maximum is found at about two times the micelle hard-core diameter (r/D 2) while for the low surfactant concentration the first maximum is shifted towards a large distances and found to be at... 

Precise control of the relative phase between pulses is cmcial to the success of many multi-pulse NMR experiments, and some correction to the phase of a soft pulse may be required to maintain these relationships when both hard and soft pulses are to be applied to the same nucleus. When soft pulses are used on the observe channel, the phase difference (which may arise because of the potentially different rf paths used for high- and low-power pulses) may be determined by direct inspection of two separate ID pulse-acquire spectra recorded with high- tmd low-power pulses but under otherwise identical conditions. Using only zero-order (frequency-independent) phase correction of each spectrum, the difference in the resulting phase constants (soft minus hard) represents the phase difference between the high- and low-power rf routes. Adding this as a constant offset to the soft pulse phase should yield spectra of phase identical to that of the hard-pulse spectmm when processed identically, and this correction can be used in all subsequent experiments, provided the soft-pulse power remains unchanged. 

When first installed, a new gauze exhibits a relatively low activity, but after several days of operation under proper conditions, catalytic efficiency rises to a satisfactory level and remains nearly constant during the useful life of the screen, which should be several weeks or even months for high- and low-pressure burners, respectively. During operation, the crystalline structure of the platinum alloy is modified by the severity of service, and distortion takes place. Erosion also occurs if vibration is present, especially at high temperatures and pressures, which also results in diminished activity. Eventually, the screen wears out and must be replaced. 

Olefins, which are capable of undergoing Wacker-type oxidation, were also studied under the conditions of high and low chloride. As expected, oxidation, whose kinetics obeyed Eq. 1, occurred at low [Cl ] while exchange, whose kinetics obeyed Eq. 2, occurred at high [Cl ]. The reaction schemes for allyl alcohol, 3, and the trisubstituted... 

Analogous considerations apply to spatially distributed reacting media where diffusion is tire only mechanism for mixing chemical species. Under equilibrium conditions any inhomogeneity in tire system will be removed by diffusion and tire system will relax to a state where chemical concentrations are unifonn tliroughout tire medium. However, under non-equilibrium conditions chemical patterns can fonn. These patterns may be regular, stationary variations of high and low chemical concentrations in space or may take tire fonn of time-dependent stmctures where chemical concentrations vary in botli space and time witli complex or chaotic fonns. 

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