Conditioned suppression

On a so-called vicinal face there are many steps running in parallel with almost the same separation or terrace width in between. At a finite temperature, these steps also fluctuate. But due to the high energy cost for the formation of overhangs on the crystal surface, steps cannot cross each other. This non-crossing condition suppresses the step fluctuation. 

Which experimental conditions assure that the movement of the electroactive species is limited by diffusion How do these conditions suppress the migration and convection effects ... 

Nation, J.R., D.E. Clark, A.E. Bourgeois, and J.K. Rogers. 1982. Conditioned suppression in the adult rat following chronic exposure to lead. Toxicol. Lett. 14 63-67. 

Hill, H. F., Bell, E. C., and Wilder, A. (1967) Reduction of conditioned suppression Actions of morphine compared with those of amphetamine, pentobarbital, nalorphine, cocaine, LSD-25, and chlorpromazine. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 165 212-225. 

The estimation of the conditions, suppressing the silyl-mediated catalysis and preferable for the carbenium-promoting catalysis, is of significant importance to introduce the chiral information in the product. Since it was observed that a carbe-nium salt promoted the reaction and thus provided the enantioselectivity in the outcome, the rigid conformation and the enhanced reactivity of the carbocation may be the key requirement for the productive enantioselective carbenium catalysis in the aldol-type additions. 

Thus, in contrast with the results in SbF5-S02,2-methyl-2-adamantanol undergoes extensive rearrangement in concentrated sulfuric acid 63> 64 The results are summarized in Eq. (17). Similar rearrangements are observed S7> 65) during Koch-Haaf carboxylation reactions carried out in sulfuric acid 66K The intermolecular nature of these reactions is indicated by the fact that high dilution conditions suppress the rearrangements s7 ... 

Izant JG, Weintraub H (1985), Constitutive and conditional suppression of exogenous and endogenous genes by anti-sense RNA, Science 229 345-352. 

Other data have been interpreted to indicate that the nucleus accumbens is an important site for LI. In the original experiment Solomon and Staton (1982) demonstrated impaired latent inhibition following chronic ventral rather than dorsal striatal infusions of amphetamine, though they employed an active avoidance rather than a conditioned suppression procedure which may have been more compatible with psychomotor stimulant effects. Gray et al. (1995) reported in a review data indicating that mesolimbic DA depletion appeared to facilitate latent inhibition, also consistent with the results of microdialysis studies and the effects of DA receptor antagonists, described above (Gray et al., 1995). 

Beninger R, Mason ST, Phillips AG, Fibiger HC (1980) The use of conditioned suppression to evaluate the nature of neuroleptic induced avoidance deficits. J Pharm Exp Ther 273 623-627. 

Killcross AS, Robbins TW (1993) Differential-effects of intraaccumbens and systemic amphetamine on latent inhibition using an on-base-line, within-subject conditioned suppression paradigm. Psychopharmacology 110 419-489. 

Patton (1970) who used rats in a one-trial conditioned suppression technique. The data do not permit any conclusions to be drawn concerning the relative likelihood of these possibilities. 

Evans, H. L. and Patton, R. A. (1970) Scopolamine effects on conditioned suppression. Influence of diurnal cycle and transitions between normal and drugged states. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.), 17, 1-13. 

Although the electronic conductivity of an interphase that is present on an electrode can be related to various optoelectronic properties that are also measurable with spectroscopic techniques, the direct measurement of surface conductivities is not a spectroelectrochemical method. It is nevertheless a surface sensitive method that provides results closely related to those of other methods discussed in this book. Data on the electrosorption of alcohols on gold electrodes [45] or the electrode potential dependent conductivity of intrinsically conducting polymers [46] have been obtained with in situ surface conductivity measurements. Figure 4.4 shows the electrical resistance of a poly(2-propylaniline) film measured in situ under experimental conditions suppressing any influence of solution phase conduction. The influence of... 

The successful unsymmetrical coupling could be carried out if the difference of the reaction temperatures for homo-coupling reactions is more than approximately 20 C. Then, the unsymmetrical coupling reaction has to be performed by slow addition of more reactive aryl halide to the solution of less reactive aryl halide and copper powder at the temperature slightly higher than is the homo-coupling reaction temperature for the more reactive aryl halide. Under these reaction conditions more reactive aryl halide forms the arylcopper(l) compound in the fast process, which is subsequently cross-coupled with the less reactive aryl halide present in excess. This conditions suppress the homo-coupling of both aryl halides by ... 

The other electrolysis process uses Grignard reagents as raw materials. Pb is used as an electrode. Grignard reagents react with an alkyl chloride in the tetra-hydrofuran or triethyleneglycolbenzylether as a solvent. The control of reaction conditions suppresses the Wurtz type side reactions. R4Pb is produced in a yield of 90 % or more [3]. 

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