Condenser vertical upflow

Figure 8.14. Some arrangements of shell-and-tube condensers, (a) Condensate inside tubes, vertical upflow. (b) Inside tubes, vertical downflow, (c) Outside tubes, vertical downflow, (d) Condensate outside horizontal tubes. (HEDH, 1983, 3.4.3).

Select the appropriate equation. The following equation can be used to establish the condition for flooding of vertical-upflow vapor condensers ... 

Condensation Inside Tubes Vertical Upflow. This mode is used primarily for refluxing purposes when return of a hot condensate is required. Such units usually function as partial condensers, with the lighter components passing on through. Reflux condensers usually are no more than 6-10 ft long with tube diameters of 25 mm or more. A possible disadvantage is the likelihood of flooding with condensate at the lower ends of the tubes. 

Condenser design determines the extent of Rayleigh fractionation. Vertical upflow condensers ("vent or "inerts condensers (e.g.. Fig. 15.14c,e see Sec. 15.11) are intended to operate as Rayleigh fractionators. Other condensers which exhibit this fractionation behavior are unbaffled vertical downflow shell-side condensers (if baffles are included, they would interrupt the free fall of liquid), emd multipass horizontal in-tube condensers where liquid is segregated at the end of each pass. One case was reported (381) where this behavior caused severe inerts blanketing in an unbafiled, downflow shell-side condenser. 

Vertical in-tube condensers—upflow. This type of condenser is often termed inerts condenser, vent condenser, or knockhack condenser. It is used in some partial condensers when small quantities of vapor flow upward, while most of the condensate drains backward by gravity. Some fractionation takes place, and the mode of flow is similar to a wetted wall column. The most common distillation application of vent condensers is in internal condensers (below), or as a secondary... 

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