Condensation inert gases

Tschope, A., Schaadt, D., Birringer, R., and Ying, J. Y., Catalytic properties of nanostructured metal oxides synthesized by inert gas condensation, Nanostr. Mater. 9,423 (1997). 

Nieman, G. W., Weertman, J. R., and Siegel, R. W., Microhardness of nanocrystalline palladium and copper produced by inert gas condensation. Scripta Metallurgica 23,2013 (1989). 

Figure 17. Schematic of a halogen lamp heater stage for an inert gas condensation particle deposition system.

Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles proceeds in many ways they can be divided into physical and chemical. Physical methods include inert gas condensation, arc discharge, ion sputtering, and laser ablation. The main idea behind these methods is condensation of solid particles from the gas phase, the substrate for nanoparticle generation being pure metals (or their mixtures/alloys in the case of complex particle composition). Chemical methods, in turn, include various methods utilizing... 

Figure 4.5 Inert-gas condensation facility for the synthesis of nanocrystalline particles. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [2],... 

The bottom-up approach represents the concept of constructing a nanomaterial from basic building elements, that is, atoms or molecules. This approach illustrates the possibility of creating materials of SEs with exactly the properties desired. The second approach, the top-down method, involves restructuring a bulk material in order to create a nanostructure. Inert gas condensation, considered a bottom-up technique, was the first method used to intentionally construct a nanostructured material, and has become a widespread means of producing nanostructured metals, alloys, intermetallics, ceramic oxides, and composites... 

Inert gas condensation technique Separated nanometer-sized nanoparddes of Fe,... 

A number of processes are being used for producing nanomaterials for bulk production. The most common techniques used for synthesizing nanostructure materials include inert gas condensation, mechanical alloying, thermal spraying, electrodeposition, jet vapor deposition, vacuum thermal evaporation, and controlled chanical precipitation. 

IGC, inert gas condensation plasma, arc, RF, or thermal LP, laser pyrolysis LA, laser ablation SP spray pyrolysis IS, ion sputtering. 

---