Concretion loading diagram

Response of a material under static or dynamic load is governed by the stress-strain relationship. A typical stress-strain diagram for concrete is shown in Figure 5.3. As the fibers of a material are deformed, stress in the material is changed in accordance with its stress-strain diagram. In the elastic region, stress increases linearly with increasing strain for most steels. This relation is quantified by the modulus of elasticity of the material. 

Concret does not have well defined elastic and plastic regions due to its brittle nature. A maximum compressive stress value is reached at relatively low strains and is maintained for small deformations until crushing occurs. The stress-strain relationship for concrete is a nonlinear curve. Thus, the elastic modulus varies continuously with strain. The secant modulus at service load is normally used to define a single value for the modulus of elasticity. This procedure is given in most concrete texts. Masonry lias a stress-strain diagram similar to concrete but is typically of lower compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. 

FIGURE 2.44 Structural diagram of nonlinearly polymeric body. (Reprinted from Yu. Potapov, O. Figovsky, Yu. Borisov, S. Pinaev, and D. Beilin, Creep of Polymer Concrete at Compressive Loading, J. Scientific Israel Technological Advantages 5, nos. 1-2 (2003) 1-10. With permission.)... 

Company SMS requirement 80% maximum thruster load. Following polar diagram of thruster loads was calculated (Fig. 6). On the diagram, which referred to NED coordinate system, loads of the how thrusters and azimuth stem thmsters were represented as MWTO DPS reactions on concrete EF disturbances. Reference to NED coordinate system allows DPO to plan easier MWTO movements and abortion route. This diagram could be attached to navigation chart or put near ECDIS screen for quick reference. 

The deflections f and the stiffnesses (EJ)] at design life load are given in Table 2. There, as well as in Fig. 5, can be seen that for elements 7, 8,9 and 10 which have considerably prolonged linear branches of the P - f diagram their is in this branch, while for the remaining elements P] is in the curve-linear branch. These comparisons are important for the design of reinforced concrete elements containing FRC by the ultimate state method [4]. 

Figure 3. Load-deflection diagram of concrete C (Aq in ordinary and logarithmic coordinates.

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