Concentration immediately dangerous to life

Furfural can cause skin sensitization and has been shown to cause irritant dermatitis which may become eczematous. It can be absorbed through the skin or by inhalation and it is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. No throat or eye irritation was noted in humans exposed to 10 ppm for 8h or 20 ppm for 4h. No data are available relative to reproductive or developmental effects in humans exposed to furfural. When air concentrations reach from 2 to 14 ppm, headaches, itching of the throat, and red/weeping eyes occurred in exposed humans. If exposures are severe, respiratory tract irritation can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may be delayed in its onset by up to 72 h. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Flealth has indicated that 100 ppm in air is a concentration immediately dangerous to life or health. 

The immediate concern about the presence of phosphine in doped oxide films was safety in handling these materials. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) set by OSHA is 0.3 ppm, and the concentration immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) is 200 ppm. All precautions must be taken when etching plasma PSG of BPSG wafers. A basket of twenty 3 inch wafers, 5000 angstroms thick, containing 5 wt. % phosphorus could release as much as 2500 ppm of phosphine or 12.5 times the IDLH. 

The selection of respirator is based on the nature of respiratory hazards such as permissible exposure limits, established concentration immediately dangerous to life, actual concentration of hazardous substances, and amount of oxygen. When using filters, the ambient air must contain at least 20% oxygen at sea level. Filter protection should not be used for unknown contaminants and contaminants fliat are immediately dangerous to life and health. 

The selection of respirator is based on the nature of respiratory hazards such as permissible exposure limits, established concentration immediately dangerous to life, actual... 

Exposure to tantalum metal dust may cause eye injury and mucous-membrane irritation. The threshold limit value (TLV) in air is 5 mg/m, LD q is <400 mg/kg and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) time weighted average (TWA) exposure limit is 5 mg/m (47). The immediate dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentration is 2500 mg/m (48). Whereas some skin injuries from tantalum have been reported, systemic industrial poisoning is apparently unknown (47). 

Overexposure to tetrachloroethylene by inhalation affects the central nervous system and the Hver. Dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea, and eye and mucous tissue irritation occur during prolonged exposure to vapor concentrations of 200 ppm (15). These effects are intensified and include incoordination and dmnkenness at concentrations in excess of 600 ppm. At concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm the anesthetic and respiratory depression effects can cause unconsciousness and death. A single, brief exposure to concentrations above 6000 ppm can be immediately dangerous to life. Reversible changes to the Hver have been reported foUowing prolonged exposures to concentrations in excess of 200 ppm (16—22). Alcohol consumed before or after exposure may increase adverse effects. 

IDLH means immediately dangerous to life and health. This is a concentration at which immediate action is required. The exac4 effect on an individual depends on the individuals physical condition and susceptibility to the toxic agent involved. It is the maximum airborne contamination concentration from which one could escape within 30 min without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health effects (developed by NIOSH). 

Class A—immediately dangerous to life and health based on oxygen level less than 19.5 percent and/or airborne presence of toxic or poisonous substances in concentration constituting IDLH conditions flammabihty up to 20 percent of lower flammable limit. 

Toxic hazard IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) concentration Flammable vapor cloud Lower flammable limit... 

IDLH 25 This concentration poses an immediate danger to life and health (i.e., causes of irreversible toxic effects for a 30-minute exposure). 12... 

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)—The maximum environmental concentration of a contaminant from which one could escape within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health effects. 

IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) is an index of exposure used in the United States. If such a concentration is reached, there is a need for emergency evacuation of buildings or use of an insulating mask. 

NIOSH. 1994a. Documentation for immediately dangerous to life or health concentrations (IDLHs). Cincinnati, OH U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1994. Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHS). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA, as document PB94195047. 

Lethal concentrations (LC50S) for inhalation of carbon monoxide blood agents have not been fully established. However, immediately dangerous to life or health levels (IDLHs) for inhalation of these agents are as low as 2 ppm. 

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) levels are the ceiling limit for respirators other than SCBAs. However, IDLH levels have not been established for vomiting/sternatory agents. Therefore, any potential exposure to elevated concentrations of these agents should be regarded with extreme caution and the use of SCBAs for respiratory protection should be considered. 

IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health levels indicate that exposure to the listed concentrations of airborne contaminants is likely to cause death, immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or prevent escape from the contaminated environment in a short period of time, typically 30 min or less. These values constitute a hazardous materials emergency in the workplace and require the use of a supplier air respirator (e.g., SCBA). 

IDLH Immediately dangerous to life and health, for 1-h exposures. Where no IDLH data are available, the 50% lethal concentration is shown, as LC50 ppm/time. 

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