Computer-aided keys

We use the term programmable to describe the rational (and ideally, computer-aided and automated) approach to polysaccharide synthesis.20 To reduce the synthesis of complex carbohydrates to routine, we envision a four-step protocol (1) the sequence of interest is keyed into a computer, (2) the computer selects appropriate reagent combinations, (3) a laboratory worker (human or robotic) prepares the reagent... 

Any on-line process control model used for computer-aided manufacturing of high-performance composite laminates must include a thorough treatment of void stability and growth as well as resin transport. These two key components, along with a heat transfer model and additional chemorheological information on kinetics and material properties, should permit optimized production of void-free, controlled-thickness parts. A number of advances have been made toward this goal. 

Key words Common Criteria IT security design evaluation development computer-aiding security engineering... 

An elastomeric stamp or mold with relief structures on its surface is the key to soft lithographic techniques (see Sect. 3.2). As a result, the utility of these techniques is often limited by the availability of appropriate masters. In general, the masters are fabricated using photolithography. Chrome masks are available commercially from custom fabricators,but the time required for vendors to produce a chrome mask from a design presented in a computer aided design (CAD) file can be weeks, and they are expensive ( 300 per square inch for features larger than 20 pm, and 500 - 1000 per square inch for features between 1 and... 

Providing helpful case examples and computer-aided modeling, Drug-Drug Interactions is filled with over 200 invaluable tables, equations, and figures to clarify key concepts, and incorporates critical new updated information. 

This chapter has reviewed the basic principles of computer-aided drug design, and several strategies of how it can be successfully integrated with combinatorial chemistry to develop highly effective site-focused libraries. Diversity plays a key role, as the more diverse set of compounds tested that fit the site-focused criteria, the more information is retrieved to improve the site-focused definition, which further directs the search in diversity space. In addition, if good hits are found, the information can be fed back to find compounds close in diverse space to the hit. This new paradigm for structure-based combinatorial chemistry should provide a powerful tool for rapid discovery of novel, potent lead compounds in the years to come. 

A major problem in using analytical journals is locating articles pertinent to the problem at hand. The various reference books are useful since most contain many references to the original journals. The key to a thorough search of the literature, however, is Chemical Abstracts. Manual searches involve the expenditure of a great deal of time and are often made unnecessary by consulting reliable reference works. Computer-aided literature searches have greatly minimized the time required for a careful literature search. 

The key to improve the method of developing catalysts is to set up some quantitative catalytic relationships, with which one can make the developmental procedme become a combinational one of qualitative analyses, quantitative predictions and experiments. For some simple catalytic systems, without any pre-determined experiment, quantum chemistry can be used to estimate catalytic properties quantitatively. Unfortunately, up to now it is difficult to apply this method to the multicomponent catalytic systems. A certain amount of experiments is necessary to develop the multicomponent catalysts. But, how to decrease the amoimt of experiments noticeably is a matter to which researchers have paid great attention, it is also the problem to be solved in this paper. Hence, we proposed a novel computer-aided technique, by which the procedure of developing catalysts is transferred to an iterative or sequential one. 

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