Compression ratio defined

The effect of increasing the compression ratio, defined as the ratio of the volumes at the beginning and end of the compression stroke, is to increase the efficiency of the engine, i.e., to increase the work produced per unit quantity of fuel. We demonstrate this for an idealized cycle, called the air-standard cycle, shown in Fig. 8.9. It consists of two adiabatic and two constant-volume steps, which comprise a heat-engine cycle for which air is the working fluid. In step DA, sufficient heat is absorbed by the air at constant volume to raise its temperature and pressure to the values resulting from combustion in an actual Otto engine. Then the air is expanded adiabatically and reversibly (step AB), cooled... 

Table 1 The eigenvalues of the electronic stress tensor (A1, A2, -I3) and the tensile to compressive ratio defined in (21), computed at the bcp of the indicated bond...

Compression ratio, defined as the ratio of the transmitted time length to the compressed pulse length, is AFT. 

The Otto cycle is a spark-ignition reciprocating engine consisting of an isentropic compression process, a constant-volume combustion process, an isentropic expansion process, and a constant-volume cooling process. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depends on its compression ratio. The compression ratio is defined as r= Fmax/f min- The Otto cycle efficiency is limited by the compression ratio because of the engine knock problem. 

Detailed modeling of a porous material under compression is a challenging task of applied structural mechanics. The reduced compression model employed in the current study is based on the unidirectional morphological displacement of solid voxels in the GDL structure under load and with the assumption of negligible transverse strain. The reduced compression model is detailed in our recent work.33 However, with the reduced compression model, it is difficult to find a relation between the compression ratio and the external load. The compression ratio is defined as the ratio of the thickness of compressed sample to that of the uncompressed sample. Nevertheless, this approach leads to reliable 3-D morphology of the non-woven GDL structures under compression. Figure 17a shows compressed, reconstructed non-woven GDL... 

For gas-transfer pumps generally, the compression ratio (k) can be defined as ... 

The compression ratio for a compressor is defined as the outlet pressure divided by the inlet pressure. Mathematically ... 

L /polymer extensibility smectic-layer compressive modulus E E, Finger strain tensor B , Cauchy strain tensor yriso/r, capillary number characteristic ratio, defined by R )q — Ccotib translational diffusivity-------------------------... 

An alternative to analyze the Curzon-Ahlborn cycle, taking into account some effects that are nonideal to the adiabatic processes through the time of these processes, is the model proposed in [5] and in [7]. It allows to find the efficiency of a cycle as a function of the compression ratio, rc = Vmax/Vmin. When rc, Fmax>>Vmin, the Curzon-Ahlborn-Novikov-Chambadal efficiency is recovered. The non-endoreversible Curzon and Ahlbom cycle can be analyzed by means of the so-called non-endoreversibility parameter Is, defined first in [14] and later in [15] and in [16], which can be used to analyze diverse particularities of cycles. Furthermore, this parameter leads to equality instead of Clausius inequality [14]. 

This is defined in ASTM 2808 and BS6036 and TAPPI 811 and is a useful way of estimating the way a particular board will react under standard conditions. From the ECT, box compression ratios (BCRs) can be calculated for any case, thus ... 

D. The channel depth ratio varies from less than 2 to 4. The compression ratio, CR, has been defined as a ratio of the screw flight volume... 

In response to possible conservatism in lambda, a critical review of the lambda procedure was made by Focht and Kraft (1983) with the result that a correlation of lambda (X.) versus pile stiffness ratio (%) was developed (Figure 10.8). Pile compressibility is defined by Murff (1980) as follows ... 

In the multicomponent model, relative pressure is defined as x = P/Pd, where is the dew point pressure. The average compressibility ratio Zav is the ratio of the compressibility of the vapor at pressure P to the vapor compressibility at the dew point P - As the dew point is approached, Zav approaches unity, and so in the neighborhood of the dew point may be taken as unity. 

The shaping of the liquid ring depends on the speed of rotation, contours of the casing and rotor blades, and compression ratio across the pump. The compression chamber does not fit a pattern that can be readily defined or precisely measured and the pump cannot be accurately rated on the basis of swept volume. 

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