Compression of gas

Figure 4.29. Sample assembly for optical shock temperature measurements. The sample consists of a metal film deposited on a transparent substrate which serves as both an anvil and a transparent window through which thermal radiation is emitted. Rapid compression of gases and surface irregularities at the interface between the sample film and the driver produce very high temperatures in this region. The bottom portion of the figure illustrates the thermal distribution across through the assembly. (After Bass et al. (1987).)...

Pumping of liquids. Compression of gases Mixing (solids, liquids, gases possibly multiphase) Atomization, dispersion... 

Compression of gases and vapors is an important operation in chemical and petrochemical plants. It is necessary to he ahle to specify the proper type of equipment hy its characteristic performance. The compression step is conveniently identified for the process design engineer hy the principal operation of the equipment ... 

The centrifugal compressor is well established for the compression of gases and vapors. It has proven its economy and uniqueness in many applications, particularly in which large volumes are handled at medium pressures. This compressor is particularly adaptable to steam turbine or other continuous speed change drives, as the two principles of operation and control are quite compatible. It is also adaptable to the electric motor, gas engine, and gas turbine with each installation being specific to a particular problem or process. Installation as well as operating costs can be quite reasonable. 

Historically, gas lubrication theory was developed from the classical liquid lubrication equation—Re5molds equation [4]. The first gas lubrication equation was derived by Harrison [5] in 1913, taking the compressibility of gases into account. Because the classical gas lubrication equation is based on the Navier-Stokes equation, it does not incorporate some gas flow characteristics rooted in the rarefaction effects of dilute gases. As early as 1959, Brunner s experiment [6] showed that the classical gas lubrication equation was... 

Processes with gaseous reactants are excluded here. Due to the large compressibility of gases an increase of pressure (up to 1 kbar) leads essentially only to an increase of gas concentration, and hence to an acceleration of bimolecular processes in which gases are involved as reactants. The effect of pressure on a chemical reaction in compressed solution is largely determined by the volume of reaction (AV) and the volume of activation (AV ). It is not the purpose of this chapter to provide a complete survey of reactions of dienes and polyenes which have been investigated at elevated pressures. There are many excellent monographs (e.g. References 1-4) and reviews (e.g. References 5-16) on this topic which cover the literature up to early 1990. After a short introduction into the basic concepts necessary to understand pressure effects on chemical processes in compressed solutions, our major objective is to review the literature of the past ten years. 

Professor of physics at Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. He made elaborate investigations of the electrochemical equivalent of silver and of the combining volumes and compressibilities of gases. His observation that nitrogen prepared from the atmosphere is heavier than nitrogen prepared from ammonia led to the discovery of argon, the first noble gas. He also contributed to optics and acoustics. 

OthSympCombstn (1965), pp 245-52 19) N.I. Yushchenkova 8c S.I. Kosterin, "On the Effect of Kinetics of Elementary Reactions on Ionization in stationary and Nonstationary Supersonic.Expansion and Compression of Gases , Ibid, pp 721-30 20) E.A. Fletcher,... 

The latter may be 90° or less, as is shown in Fig. 137. The reflection of the detonation products from a barrier such as the ricochet plate involves a violent rise in temperature at this spot, due to the adiabatic compression of gases. A general view of angle shot mortar at Derne is given on Fig. 138. 

Besides the effect on the solubility in multi-phase systems, the pressure can also directly increase the reactant concentrations in gas-phase reactions through the compressibility of gases. The reaction-rate increases because of the increased concentrations. The compression... 

I xperimenial values for Ihe compressibility of gases can be ohtained in several ways, mosi of which are indirect. 

Demonstrate the compressibility of gases and the incompressibility of liquids by using a syringe to show that the volume of a gas (e.g. air) decreases with pressure whereas that of a liquid (e.g. water) does not. 

Ignition Caused by Compression of Gases. If a gas is compressed rapidly, its temperature will increase. Autoignition may occur if the temperature of the gas becomes high enough (this is more or less the principle of diesel engines). 

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