Compressible fluid dynamics

For the delivery of atomization gas, different types of nozzles have been employed, such as straight, converging, and converging-diverging nozzles. Two major types of atomizers, i.e., free-fall and close-coupled atomizers, have been used, in which gas flows may be subsonic, sonic, or supersonic, depending on process parameters and gas nozzle designs. In sonic or supersonic flows, the mass flow rate of atomization gas can be calculated with the following equation based on the compressible fluid dynamics ... 

P. A. Thompson, Compressible Fluid Dynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972. 

Thompson PA (1972) Compressible-fluid dynamics. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York... 

In this chapter the advanced ASCI computer codes, NOBEL/SAGE/RAGE, for modeling compressible fluid dynamics are described. The detonation physics described in Chapters 1 through 4 of this book has been included into the NOBEL code. 

Thompson PA (1972) Compressible-fluid dynamics. McGraw-Hill Inc, New York Torvik R, Svendsen HF (1990) Modeling of slurry reactors—a fundamental approach. Chem Eng Sci 45(8) 2325-2332... 

Harlow, F.H., Dynamics of Compressible Fluid, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California Report No. LA-2412, Los Alamos, NM, 200 pp., November 1960. 

Shapiro, A.H, (1953). The dynamics and thermodynamics of compressible fluid flow. Ronald Press. New York. 

In fluid mechanics the principles of conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and empirically developed correlations are used to predict the behavior of gases and liquids at rest or in motion. The field is generally divided into fluid statics and fluid dynamics and further subdivided on the basis of compressibility. Liquids can usually be considered as incompressible, while gases are usually assumed to be compressible. 

Shapiro, A. H. The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Vols. 1 and TI (Ronald, New-York. 1953 and 1954). 

Sedov LI (1993) Similarity and dimensional methods in mechanics, 10th edn. CRC, Boca Raton Shah RK, London AL (1978) Laminar flow forced convection in duct. Academic, New York Shapiro AK (1953) The dynamics and thermodynamics of compressible fluid flow. Wiley, New York... 

The phenomenon of critical flow is well known for the case of single-phase compressible flow through nozzles or orifices. When the differential pressure over the restriction is increased beyond a certain critical value, the mass flow rate ceases to increase. At that point it has reached its maximum possible value, called the critical flow rate, and the flow is characterized by the attainment of the critical state of the fluid at the throat of the restriction. This state is readily calculable for an isen-tropic expansion from gas dynamics. Since a two-phase gas-liquid mixture is a compressible fluid, a similar phenomenon may be expected to occur for such flows. In fact, two-phase critical flows have been observed, but they are more complicated than single-phase flows because of the liquid flashing as the pressure decreases along the flow path. The phase change may cause the flow pattern transition, and departure from phase equilibrium can be anticipated when the expansion is rapid. Interest in critical two-phase flow arises from the importance of predicting dis-... 

Shai, I., 1967, The Mechanism of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer to Sodium and the Criterion for Stable Boiling, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. (2) Shapiro, A. H., 1953, The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Vol. I, Ronald Press, New York. (3)... 

R. D. Mountain and G. Bimbaum. Molecular dynamics study of intercollisional interference in collision induced absorption in compressed fluids. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 83 1791, 1987. 

The ability of the spinning disc to operate with very small driving temperature and concentration differences can improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the overall process system. This is clearly the case with the Hickman vapor compression evaporator, and it is also exemplified in the applications described next. In general, the power needed to rotate the spinning disc assembly is a small fraction of that saved by virtue of the establishment of an intensified fluid dynamic environment. 

Anderson Computational Fluid Dynamics The Basics with Applications Anderson Modem Compressible Flow With Historical Perspective Arora Introduction to Optimum Design Borman and Ragland Combustion Engineering Burton Introduction to Dynamic Systems Analysis Culp Principles of Energy Conversion... 

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