Compressibility of water

Table 5.27 Compressibility of Water Table 5.28 Mass of Water Vapor In Saturated Air Table 5.29 Van der Waals Constants for Gases Table 5.30 Triple Points of Various M aterlals 5.9.1 Some Physical Chemistry Equations for Gases...

Aladyev et al. (1961) demonstrated that, with a compressible volume connected at the inlet of a test section, the flow oscillates and hence lowers the CHF. Flow fluctuation in the test section also depends on the compressibility of fluid upstream and on the pressure drop through the test section. Because the compressibility of water is approximately a function of temperature alone, the inlet temperature affects the boiling crisis. 

TABLE 5.27 Compressibility of Water In the table below are given the relative volumes of water at various temperatures and pressures. The volume at 0°C and one normal atmosphere (760 mm of Hg) is taken as unity. ... 

Figure 3. Density, dielectric constant, and compressibility of water...

The persistence of transparency on shock compression of water, methanol and dichlorethane within the range of pressures corresponding to good conductivity (Ref 4) is another evidence in favor of the ionic nature of these liquids under the given conditions ... 

We saw in Chapter 8 that the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of oil has a discontinuity at the bubble point. The coefficient of isothermal compressibility of water has the same discontinuity for the same reason. Figure 8-7 is typical of the relationship between water... 

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Water at Pressures Above the Bubble Point... 

At pressures above the bubble point the compressibility of water is defined as... 

Figure 16-13 gives a correction factor to be used to adjust the compressibility for the effect of dissolved solids. Surprisingly, the amount of dissolved gas has no effect on the compressibility of water.7... 

Fig. 16-13. Effect of salinity on the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of water. (From an equation by Osif, SPE Res. Eng. 3, 1988, 175.)...

Preliminary Thermodynamic Relations. Here it will be assumed that we are dealing with incompressible systems this is a very good assumption for aqueous solutions since the isothermal compressibility of water is so small. At constant temperature the equilibrium condition for any mixed association (see Equations 1 and 2 for example) is... 

Figure 3. Isothermal compressibility of water from data of Pena and McGlashan (117). Curve redrawn by present author...

The compressibility of water (K ) is based on the experimental database of Ter Minassian et al. (1981). In the latter study, water compressibilities are reported from 233 to 393K and from 1 to 5001 bars (total pressure). We used a subset of this database that covered the temperature range from 273 to 303 K and the pressure range from 1 to 2001 bars to derive an equation... 

Equation 2.90 for aw ignores the compressibility of water, as did Eq. 2.87 for activity coefficients. Had we included a compressibility term in calculating the ratio of then presumably this ratio would be slightly higher... 

Pressure m Megabars.1 Compressibility of Water. Compressibility of Mercury. 

ISOTHERMAL AND ADIABATIC COMPRESSIBILITIES OF WATER BETWEEN 1 AND 2 ATMOSPHERES. 

This purely empirical relation was derived by Tait as long ago as 1888 it is still one of the best approximations of the actual PVT-behaviour. Reference is usually made to the voyage made by HMS Challenger and the report of experiments undertaken by Tait into the compression of water. 

This paper deals with the degradation of substances like PVC, Tetrabromobisphenol A, y-HCH and HCB in supercritical water. This process is called "Supercritical Water Oxidation", a process which gained a lot of interest in the past. The difference between subcritical and supercritical processes is easy to recognize in the phase diagram of water. The vapor pressure curve of water terminating at the critical point, i.e. at 374 °C and 221 bar. The relevant critical density is 0.32 g/cm3. This corresponds to approx. 1/3 of the density of normal liquid water. Above the critical point, a compression of water without condensation, i.e. without phase transition is possible. It is within this range that supercritical hydrolysis and oxidation are carried out. The vapor pressure curve is of special importance in subcritical hydrolysis as well as in wet oxidation. 

The unique properties of underwater explosions are due to the high velocity of sound in water meaning that the pressure-wave travels approximately four times faster in water than it does in air. Furthermore, due to the high density and low compressibility of water, the destructive energy (from the explosion) can be efficiently transferred over relatively large distances. The most important effects caused by an underwater explosion are the corresponding shock-wave and the gas bubble pulsations. 

In Passynski s theory, the basic assumption is that the compressibility of water sufficiently bound to an ion to travel with it is zero. Onori thought this assumption questionable and decided to test it. He used more concentrated solutions (1-4 mol dm ) than had been used by earlier workers because he wanted to find the concentration at which there was the beginning of an overlap of the primary solvation spheres (alternatively called Gurney co-spheres) of the ion and its attached primary sheath of solvent molecules. 

Ultrasound propagation is adiabatic in homogeneous media at the frequencies typically used in US-based detection techniques. Therefore, although temperature fluctuations inevitably accompany pressure fluctuations in US, thermal dissipation is small and it is adiabatic compressibility which matters. As a second derivative of thermodynamic potentials, compressibility is extremely sensitive to structure and intermolecular interactions in liquids (e.g. the compressibility of water near charged ions or atomic groups of macromolecules differs from that of bulk water by 50-100%). 

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