Compounds as catalysts

In the early 1950s Karl Ziegler then at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Germany was studying the use of aluminum compounds as catalysts for the oligomer ization of ethylene... 

A. V. Topchiev, S. V. Zavgorodnii, and Y. M. Paushkiu, Boron Fluoride and Its Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry, Pergamon Press, New York, 1959. 

Polybibenzoates are a kind of thermotropic polyesters obtained by polycondensation of 4,4 -biphenyldicar-boxylic acid (p,p -bibenzoic acid) with a diol. These polyesters contain the biphenyl group, which is one of the simplest mesogens. They are synthesized by melt transesterification of the dimethyl or diethyl ester of p,p -bibenzoic acid and the corresponding diol, using a titanium compound as catalyst, according to the following scheme ... 

Chromium compounds as catalysts, 188 Chromium oxide in catalytic converter, 62 Chromium oxide catalysts, 175-184 formation of active component, 176,177 of Cr-C bonds, 177, 178 propagation centers formation of, 175-178 number of, 197, 198 change in, 183, 184 reduction of active component, 177 Clear Air Act of 1970, 59, 62 Cobalt oxide in catalytic converter, 62 Cocatalysts, 138-141, 152-154 Competitive reactions, 37-43 Copper chromite, oxidation of CO over, 86-88... 

Hafnium compounds as catalysts, 188 1,5-Hexadiene, metathesis of, 134 Hexyne, metathesis of, 136, 154 Hydrocarbons, see also specific compounds Federal emission control requirements, 59, 60... 

Nickel compounds as catalysts, 191 Nickel-copper alloys, 252, 253 atomic hydrogen recombination, 273-279... 

Rhenium compounds as catalysts, 136, 137, 141, 144, 146, 148, 150 Ring-opening polymerization, 143 catalysts for, 140 thermodynamics of, 156 Rotary engine, 123... 

Tetralin, hydrogenation of, 12 Titanium compounds as catalysts, 188 Titanium dichloride, 192, 193 number of propagation centers, 198-200 Titanium trichloride, 193, 194 Toluene in exhaust gases, 67 Transalkylation, 141, 142 Transalkylidenation, 142 Transition metal compounds as catalysts, 174... 

Zeolites, 321, 322 Ziegler-Natta catalysts, 174 Zirconium chlorides, 194 Zirconium compounds as catalysts, 188... 

Pi and Sigma Transition Metal Carbon Compounds as Catalysts for the Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers and Olefins... 

Metal complexes of porphine and azaporphine compounds as catalysts of reactions involving oxidation of molecular oxygen. N. S. Enikolopyan, K. A. Bogdanova and K. A. Askarov, Russ. Chem. Rev. (Engl. Transl), 1983, 52,13-26 (161). 

Fig. 26. Tan 3 of a crosslinking PBD (Mw = 18 000) as a function of reaction time [31]. Parameter is the frequency co. The polymer is vulcanized at the pendant vinyl units with a bifunctional silane crosslinker using a platinum compound as catalyst. The curves intersect at the gel point resulting in...

The ability of complexes to catalyze several important types of reactions is of great importance, both economically and intellectually. For example, isomerization, hydrogenation, polymerization, and oxidation of olefins all can be carried out using coordination compounds as catalysts. Moreover, some of the reactions can be carried out at ambient temperature in aqueous solutions, as opposed to more severe conditions when the reactions are carried out in the gas phase. In many cases, the transient complex species during a catalytic process cannot be isolated and studied separately from the system in which they participate. Because of this, some of the details of the processes may not be known with certainty. 

Zirconium monochloride, 26 646, 647 Zirconium organometallic compounds as catalysts, 26 656-657 Zirconium oxide... 

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