Compositional compartmentalization

Isacchi A., Bemardi G., Bernard G. (1993). Compositional compartmentalization of the nuclear genomes of Trypanosoma hrucei and Trypanosoma equiperdum. FEBS Letters 335 181-183. 

Mouchiroud D., Fichant G., Bernard G. (1987). Compositional compartmentalization and gene composition in the genome of vertebrates. J. Mol. Evol. 26 198-204... 

Since the compartmentalization occurs as a result of microphase separation of an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution, an aqueous system is the only possible object of study. This limitation is a disadvantage from a practical point of view. Our recent studies, however, have shown that this disadvantage can be overcome with a molecular composite of an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte with a surfactant molecule [129], This composite was dissolvable in organic solvents and dopable in polymer film, and the microphase structure was found to remain unchaged in the composite. This finding is important, because it has made it possible to extend the study on photo-systems involving the chromophore compartmentalization to organic solutions and polymer solid systems. 

Eukaryotic cells have evolved a complex, intracellular membrane organization. This organization is partially achieved by compartmentalization of cellular processes within specialized membrane-bounded organelles. Each organelle has a unique protein and lipid composition. This internal membrane system allows cells to perform two essential functions to sort and deliver fully processed membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates to specific intracellular compartments, the plasma membrane and the cell exterior, and to uptake macromolecules from the cell exterior (reviewed in [1,2]). Both processes are highly developed in cells of the nervous system, playing critical roles in the function and even survival of neurons and glia. 

Combined scanning probe techniques 932 Compartmentalized surfaces 921 Competitive immunoassay el80 Composite electrodes 145 material 916 Concanavalin A 313, 317 Conducting polymer 44, 73 based ISE 74 Conductivity e62 Conductometric transducers 241 Conjugate 650 polymer 74... 

Cohn, S.H. et al., Compartmental body composition based on total-body nitrogen, potassium, and calcium, Am J. Physiol., 239, E524,1980. 

Tolstoguzov, V.B. (2000). Compositions and phase diagrams for aqueous systems based on proteins and polysaccharides. In H. Walter, D.E. Brooks, and P.A. Srere (Eds.), Micro-compartmentation and Phase Separation in Cytoplasm A Survey of Cell Biology. International Review of Cytology, Vol. 192. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 3-31. 

The best known functions of the ER require a high membrane surface and/or a separate, specific microenvironment within the organelle. Although many enzymes hosted by the ER use its membranous structure only as a scaffold, others are compartmentalized within the ER i.e., their active site is localized in the lumen. The activity of these enzymes usually is dependent on the special composition of the luminal compartment. The enzymes often receive their substrates and cofactors from or release their products to the cytosol therefore, the transport of these compounds across the ER membrane is indispensable. This article focuses on this latter group of the ER enzymes, the functioning of which makes the ER a separate metabolic compartment of the eukaryotic cell. 

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