Composition of Milk Fat Globules

McPherson, A. V., Dash, M. C. and Kitchen, B. J. 1984B. Isolation and composition of milk fat globule membrane material. I. From pasteurized milks and creams. J. Dairy Res. 51, 279-287. 

Table 5.1. Estimated average composition of milk fat globule membrane (adapted...

Pahnquist, D. L., Schanhacher, F. L. (1991). Dietary fat composition influences fatty acid composition of milk fat globule membrane in lactating cows. Lipids, 26, 718-722. 

THE EFFECTS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE FAT GLOBULE SURFACE ON THE COAGULATION OF MILK... 

Bracco, U., Hidalgo, J., Bohren, H. 1972. Lipid composition of the fat globule membrane of human and bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 55, 165-172. 

Composition, Applications, Fractionation, Technological and Nutritional Significance of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Material... 

Beaulieu, A.D. and Palmquist, D.L. 1995. Differential effects of high fat diets on fatty acid composition in miUc of Jersey and Holstein cows, J. Dairy Set, 78, 1336-1344. Chen, Z.Y. and Nawar, W.W. 1991. Role of milk fat globule membrane in autoxidation of milk fat, J. Food ScL, 56(2), 398-426. 

The nature of the dietary fat can have a profound effect on the composition of milk fat. Diets rich in acids up to palmitic generally increase the proportions of these acids in milk fat at the expense of the Cig adds. Dietary fats rich in saturated and unsaturated acids result in increased yields of oleic and stearic acids with associated decreases in shorter-chain acids, particularly palmitic acid. The secretion of Unoleic and linolenic acid or the longer-chain eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids foimd in fish oils is little affected by diet owing to the extensive hydrogenation that occurs in the rumen and their preferential distribution in the phospolipid coating of the fat globules, which is considerably lower in milk than the triacylglycerols. 

W. W. Christie, Advanced Dairy Chemistry Lipids, Vol 2, 2nd edition Composition and Structure of Milk Lipids, (ed. P.F. Fox) Chapman Hall, London (1994), pp.1-36. P. Walstra, Advanced Dairy Chemistry Lipids, Vol. 2, 2nd edition Physical Chemistry of Milk Fat Globules (ed. P.F. Fox) Chapman Hall, London (1994), pp. 131-178. R.G. Jensen, The Lipids in Human Milk, Progress in Lipid Research, 1996, 35, 53-92. R.G. Jensen (ed.) Handbook of Milk Composition, Academic Press, San Diego, California (1995). 

Recombined milk does not have the same properties as the original milk because, e. g., the membrane composition of the fat globule changes in the process. Cheese made from milk of this t) e can exhibit texture defects. Since skim milk with a fat content of 0.2% still contains about 18 mg/1 of cholesterol, skim milk must also be freed of cholesterol for the production of cholesterol-free products. 

Couvreur, S., C. Hurtaud, RG. Mamet, P. Faverdin and J.L. Peyraud, 2007. Composition of ilk fat from cows selected for milk fat globule size and offered either fresh pasture or a com silage- based diet. J Dairy Sci. 90, 392-403. Heid, H.W and T. W. Keenan, 2005. Intracellilar origin and secretion of milk fat globules. Fur J Cell Biol. 84, 245-258. Pfeuffer, M. and J. Schrezenmeir, 2006. Milk and the metaholic syndrom. Obesity Rev 8, 109-118. 

Table 3.9 Gross composition of the milk fat globule membrane...

Table 3.10 Composition of bovine milk fat globule membranes...

Anderson, M. and Cheeseman, G. C. 1971. Some aspects of the chemical composition of the milk fat globule membrane during lactation. J. Dairy Res. 38, 409-417. 

Mather, I. H., Weber, K. and Keenan, T. W. 1977. Membranes of mammary gland. XII. Loosely associated proteins and compositional heterogeneity of bovine milk fat globule membrane. J. Dairy Sci. 60, 394-402. 

Anderson, M. 1974. Milk fat globule membrane composition and dietary change Supplements of coconut oil fed in two physical forms. J. Dairy Sci. 57, 399-404. 

Brunner, J. R., Duncan, C. W. and Trout, G. M. 1953. The fat-globule membrane of nonhomogenized and homogenized milk. I. The isolation and amino acid composition of the fat-membrane proteins. Food Res. 18, 454-462. 

Diaz-Maurino, T. and Nieto, M. 1976. Milk fat globule membranes. Inhibition by sucrose of the alkaline phosphomonoesterase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 448, 234-244. Diaz-Maurifio, T. and Nieto, M. 1977. Milk fat globule membranes Chemical composition and phosphoesterase activities during lactation. J. Dairy Res. 44, 483-493. Dowben, R. M., Brunner, J. R. and Philpott, D. E. 1967. Studies on milk fat globule membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 135, 1-10. 

Mangino, M. E. and Brunner, J. R. 1977B. Compositional homology of membrane-protein systems and membrane-associated proteins Comparison with milk fat globule membrane and membrane -derived xanthine oxidase. J. Dairy Sci. 60, 1208-1216. 

The complex lipids in milk fat are comprised of the phosphoglycerides, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and plasmalogens. Also, the non-glyceride phospholipid, sphingomyelin, occurs in important amounts (Jensen, 2002). Bitman and Wood (1990) described the distribution of phospholipid classes in bovine milk and their fatty acid composition. The phospholipids comprise about 1% and cholesterol 0.4—0.5% of the total milk fat. These occur almost completely in the milk fat globule membrane. 

Timmen, H., Patton, S. 1988. Milk fat globules Fatty acid composition, size and in vivo regulation of fat liquidity. Lipids 23, 685-689. 

McPherson, A.V., Kitchen, B.J. 1983. Reviews of the Progress of Dairy Science The bovine milk fat globule membrane - its formation, composition, structure and behaviour in milk and dairy products. J. Dairy Res. 50, 107-133. 

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