Composition leaves

Equations (4.5) to (4.7) can now be solved to give expressions for the vapor- and liquid-phase compositions leaving the separator ... 

Yi = vapor composition entering local region yo = vapor composition leaving local region ye = rapor composition in equilibrium with the liquid in the local region... 

Assuming the equilibrium to be expressed in terms of relative volatilities a, and theoretical plate behaviour, the relation between the vapour and liquid mole fraction compositions leaving the plate is given by... 

Using the typical composition of the reactor off-gas given below, estimate the stream compositions leaving the condenser. 

In the production of dichloroethane (EDC) by oxyhydrochlorination of ethylene, the products from the reaction are quenched by direct contact with dilute HC1 in a quench tower. The gaseous stream from this quench tower is fed to a condenser and the uncondensed vapours recycled to the reactor. A typical composition for this stream is shown in the diagram below operating pressure 4 bar. Calculate the outlet stream compositions leaving the condenser. 

Draw a line through from the pole point P through r, to find the point on the curve giving the extract composition leaving the second stage, e2. 

Estimate the liquid and vapour compositions leaving the reboiler ... 

The vapour and liquid compositions leaving the reboiler can be estimated using the same procedure as that for a flash calculation see Section 11.3.3. 

If we denote the composition leaving the /7th reactor by Cn, it is readily shown that... 

The liquid and vapor compositions leaving a plate are a function only of the compositions in the column and experimental plate efficiencies, and can be described as a linear function of corrected compositions at various sections of the column. 

Plate 13 Feed plate for 42% wt. weak acid at 5531 kg/hour. Tail-gas composition leaving the absorber ... 

At this point all the units in the flowsheet are installed and converged. The last issue is to converge the recycle stream. The initial guessed values are adjusted to be close to the calculated values of flow and composition leaving the split S1. When these two streams are fairly close, the source of the recycle stream is defined as the split SI and the recycle stream is defined as a Tear stream. The flowsheet did not converge when the default convergence method... 

Since the SF is a ratio of ratios, any measure of composition (mole fraction, mass fraction, concentration, etc.) can be used in Equation 7.1 as long as one consistently uses the same measure for both upstream and downstream phases in contact with the membrane. Locally within a module, the ratio of compositions leaving the downstream face of a membrane equals the ratio of the transmembrane fluxes of A vs. B. Local fluxes of each component are determined by relative transmembrane driving forces and resistances acting on each component. The ratio of the feed compositions in the denominator provides a measure of the ratio of the respective driving forces for the case of a negligible downstream pressure. This form normalizes the SF to provide a measure of efficiency that is ideally independent of the feed composition. 

With the last example in particular the time of treatment is of critical importance. The reagent reacts with fluorine atoms in the composition, leaving a surface rich in carbon to which the adhesive may bond. There is a tendency for the surface to darken under the treatment. 

In Figure 3B the process of the flow-type reactor is presented. Here the abscissa represents the progressive linear distance of traversal through the reactor, x. At first contact a = 0, the initial composition /(co) meets a parcel of catalyst, is converted to /(cj), contacts another similar— although now not the identical—parcel of catalyst, and so forth, until at X = Xf the composition leaves the reactor as /(c/). A comparison of the physical pictures as presented by Figure 3A and Figure 3B leads to the obvious conclusion that the formal description of the progress of the reaction in terms of reactant and product concentration will be similar... 

Table VI summarizes typical operating conditions for the WCF as applied to the two major liquid wastes at the ICPP. The conditions for the calciner vessel are based on indirect heating with NaK in-bed heating gives similar results except that the bed might be subject to short periods of exposure to a high temperature in the immediate vicinity of the burning kerosene. Similarly, the off-gas composition leaving the calciner will depend on the method of heating.

The above equation defines an operating line for this system. Since this operation is assumed to occur at equilibrium, it is defined as an equilibrium stage. The equation therefore relates the liquid and vapor compositions leaving an equilibrium stage. 

We desire to use a distillation column to separate an ethanol-water mixture. The column has a total condenser, a partial reboiler, and a saturated liquid reflux. The feed is a saturated liquid of composition 0.10 mole fraction ethanol and a flow rate of 250 mol/hr. A bottoms mole fraction of 0.005 and a distillate mole fraction of 0.75 ethanol is desired. The external reflux ratio is 2.0. Assuming constant molar overflow, find the flowrates, the number of equilibrium stages, optimum feed plate location, and the liquid and vapor compositions leaving the fourth stage from the top of the column. Pressure is 1 atm. 

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