Kaolin compositions

Mineral-filled nylon 6/6 composites. Kaolin (Burgess) was treated with the appropriate silane in a Patterson Kelly 8-qt. twin shell blender with intensifier bar. Treatment levels were 1% active silane. The kaolin was compounded with nylon 6,6 (Vydyne 21x—Monsanto) in a Leistritz twin screw extruder. The compounds were tested in a dry as molded condition in accordance with ASTM D-638 (see Table 5). 

Talc [14807-96-6], a naturally occurring mineral of the general chemical composition Mg2Si40 Q(0H)2, is a crystalline hydrous magnesium siUc ate belonging to the general mineral family of the layered siUcates. Other layered siUcates are kaolin, mica, and pyrophyUite (1). 

The table data show that the stress/strain properties of compositions are improved by additional dispersion (mixing). Ultrasonic analysis is sufficiently reliable and informative as a means of mixing quality assessment. The very small change of the characteristics for filled compositions (chalk + kaolin) can be due to the fact that these fillers are readily distributed in the matrix as they are. 

Table 9. Effect of silane treatment on the mechanical properties of kaolin-filled polyethylene compositions [276]...

Fig. 6. Variation of elasticity modulus (E) under tension and yield strain (es) of the polymer matrix (I, I ) and polyethylene-based composites polymerization filled with kaolin (2,20 in function of polymer MM [320], Kaolin content 30% by mass. The specimens were pressed 0.3-0.4mm thick blates stretching rate e = 0.67 min-1...

In [17] it is reported that PFCM, with PE synthesized on kaolin and having a MM of > 106 and containing up to 50% by mass of filler, feature very high strain stress characteristics. For the composites containing 30 and 50% by mass of kaolin the value of [Pg.48]

For composites with polymerization-modified filler it is typical that the physico-mechanical characteristics should increase symbatically with the quantity of polymer which becomes attached to the filler in the polymerization process. This effect has been observed for polyethylene [293, 321], poly(vinyl chloride) coats [316], and in [336, 337] for kaolin coated with poly(vinyl acetate) and introduced into the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. 

It has been found that, for a fixed mineral filler content, the viscosity of PMF-based composites increases when the coat is made of polyethylene [164, 209, 293], poly(vinyl chloride) [316] and polypropylene [326, 327], The picture was different, however, for composites based on the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer to which kaolin with grafted poly (vinyl acetate) was added [336]. Addition of PMF with a minimum quantity of grafted polymer results in a sharp drop of flowability (rise of viscosity), in comparison to addition of unmodified filler but with a further increase of the quantity of grafted polymer the flow gradually increases and, depending on the kaolin content and quantity of grafted polymer, may even become higher than in specimens with unmodified filler, for equal concentrations. 

Y zeolites synthesized from pure chemicals have now been used as the main composition of FCC catalysts [1-4]. However, the application of Y zeolites synthesized from kaolin in the catalytic processes is still limited. The refinery and petrochemical industry is being built in Vietnam, so the synthesis of Y zeolites from domestic materials and minerals is necessary [4]. In this paper, the initial results in the synfliesis of Y zeolites with Si02/Al203 ratio of 4.5 fiom kaolin taken in Yen Bai-Vietnam and their catalytic activity for the cracking of n-heptane are reported. 

Another excipient used in feed additive premixes is a diluent used to dilute or standardize activity. Diluents are similar in composition to grain carriers, except the particle size is generally smaller. No attempt is made to absorb the active drug to the individual particles of the diluents. If a liquid is used it is mainly for dust control. A diluent is considered for use when the level of the active ingredient components in the premix approaches or exceeds 50% of the product or when two or more active components vary greatly from one another in density [13]. Examples of diluent materials are ground limestone, sodium sulfate, kaolin, corn cob flour, and ground oyster shells. 

Kaolin, China clay, terra alba, argille, porcelain clay, and white bole are the generic names used to refer to primary clays that include three distinct white minerals - kaolinite, nacrite, and dickite - all of which share a very similar composition but differ slightly in their structure. Kaolin is rarely found pure, but as a natural mixture with other varieties of clay together, the various clays make up over 95% of the total weight of the mixture, other earthy... 

Halloysite Similar in composition to kaolin but of different structure... 

Kaolinite, 2 345t 6 659-664, 686-687, 718 composition in bauxite used for alumina production, 2 346t structure and composition, 6 668 in unit layer mixtures, 6 671 Kaolins, 6 686. See also Kaolin dry process, 6 673-675 estimated total production, 6 683 grades for polymer applications, 6 694t properties relating to applictions, 6 686t uses, 6 686-696 wet process, 6 675-679 Kapok, 11 297... 

Kaolin Minerals. The 1 1 structures include a group of aluminosilicate minerals which are termed collectively the kaolin minerals specifically these are kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, and halloysite. The basic 1 1 layer for all of these minerals has the composition AlgSigOj-fOHJj, there is a small amount of substitution of iron for aluminum, ana fluoride for hydroxyl ion. All, except halloysite, are normally anhydrous and do not expand (as do the smectites) upon exposure to water and most organic molecules. As a result, they generally have a rather small surface area, on the order of 10 nr... 

An evaluation of numerous clays, including kaolins and bentonites of comparable particle size and distribution, revealed a wide variation in the properties of LDEE-clay composites prepared under identical conditions with similar loadings. This may be attributed to the interference with the radical reactions involved in the coupling sequence. This is confirmed, in part, by the finding that the most effective clays were those which were reported to have been treated with sodium polyphosphate to improve their dispersibility in water during papermaking processes. Solomon reported (1) that treatment of the clays which inhibited radical reactions with sodium polyphosphate reduced the inhibition. 

The effect of the components and conditions of preparation on the properties of a 70/30 LDPE/clay composite is shown in Table I. The 10/90 mixture of LDEE Bakelite Polyethylene Resin DYNH-1 (Union Carbide Corp.) and Hydrite 10 clay (Georgia Kaolin Co.) was compounded at 150 C in the Brabender Plasticorder in the presence of MAH and/or t-butyl perbenzoate (tBPB). The EE-coated clay was then mixed with additional DYNH-1 LDPE at 130°C to yield a 70/30 PE/clay composite. A 30 70 PE/clay concentrate was prepared in a similar manner at 150 C and converted to a 70/30 EE/ clay composite at 130 C. The 10/90 PE/clay concentrate is an easily handled, clay-like product while the 30/70 concentrate is... 

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