Composite plating temperature factor

The principal factor is the shape of the two-phase liquid-vapor region in the phase diagram (usually a temperature-composition diagram). The closer the liquid and vapor lines are to each other, the more theoretical plates needed. See Figure 6.15 of the text, But the presence of an azeotrope could prevent the desired degree of separation from being achieved. Incomplete miscibility of the components at specific concentrations could also affect the number of plates required... 

Plate efficiencies and HETP values are complex functions of measurable physical properties temperature, pressure, composition, density, viscosity, diflusivity, and surface tension measurable hydrodynamic factors pressure drop and liquid and vapor flow rates plus factors that cannot be predicted or measured accurately foaming tendency, liquid and gas turbulence, bubble and droplet sizes, flow oscillations, emulsification, contact time, froth formation, and others. Values for plate efficiency, HETP, or HTU, particularly those that purport to compare various devices, are usually taken over a limited range of concentration and liquid-to-vapor ratios. The crossovers in Fig. 2.5 and the rather strange behavior of the ethyl alcohol-water system, Fig. 2.6, demonstrate the critical need for test data under expected operating conditions. ... 

Stress reflects all the complexity of influences of various factors on formation of metal plates by electrodeposition and has, therefore, been the subject of extensive studies they cover effects of substrate, plating solution composition, pH, deposit thickness, current density, or overpotential, deposition temperature. Detailed reviews are available. " ... 

---