Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline

The ability of 1,10-phenanthroline and its derivatives to form complexes with metals and nonmetals is well known. The subject has 

Traber, M. Hubmann, and P. Karrer, Helv. Chim. Acta 43,265 (1960). 

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ThioglycoHc acid can be identified by its in spectmm or by gas chromatography. Most of the by-products and self-esterification products are also detected by liquid chromatography, eg, thiodiglycolic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, linear dimers, and polymers. Iron content can be assayed by the red sensitive complex of 1,10-phenanthroline [66-71-7] and ferrous ion of a mineralised sample. Ferric ion turns an aqueous ammonia solution deep red-violet. 

Figure 1.18 Syntheses of ruthenium tris complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline ana z,z -oipynuyl.

Chelate complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and related compounds. W. W. Brandt, F. P. Dwyer and... 

What happens if we look at the K2 or Ki, values for didentate ligands In general, the Kj values show stability patterns which closely parallel those for K. However, the values are different. Figure 8-17 presents K, data for transition-metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and 1,2-diaminoethane (Eq. 8.14). 

McBryde, W. A. E. A Critical Review of Equilibrium Data for Proton- and Metal Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2-Bipyridyl and Related Compounds Pergamon Oxford, 1978. 

Analogous rearrangement is also observed for the nitrosonium complex of 1,10-phenanthroline (53) (Scheme 22) (52-55). 

Table 61 Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) with Dioxouranium(VI) Compounds...

Values are for the 1 1 complex of 1,10-phenanthroline with 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane. 

The complex between 1,10-phenanthroline and picric acid was stated to be a n-7i complex, not the expected n-n type.362 1,10-Phenanthroline also forms molecular complexes with phloroglucinol,363 halogenated p-nitrophenols 364 hexachlorocyclohexanes,365 and iodine.366,367 It forms an adduct with acetic anhydride.368 Electronic spectra of molecular complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline with porphyrins have been recorded.369... 

The products of the thermal decomposition of 1,10-phenanthroline have been briefly discussed.370 Exchange of hydrogen for deuterium has been noted with alkali metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline. The exchange occurs principally in the 5-position.371,372 A new chemiluminescence reaction arising from the combination of trichloroacetic acid and 4,7-diphenyl-l,10-phenanthroline has been reported.373... 

There are many examples of the analytical use of 1,10-phenanthroline and its derivatives in biological systems by virtue of their chelating properties. Uses that depend solely on these properties are outside the scope of this review. The biological effects of metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline are also excluded. These have been reviewed.394... 

Sigman DS, Landgraf R, Perrin DM, Pearson L (1996) Nucleic acid chemistry of the cuprous complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and derivatives. In Sigel A, Siegel H (eds) Probing of nucleic acids by metal ion complexes metal ions in biological systems Vol. 33. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 485-513... 

This work was followed by a more detailed study including determination of quantum yields and lifetimes for the Ybm /i-dikctonates formed with fluorinated benzoyl (48c-j, fig. 41) and thienyl (49a-e) derivatives of acetylacetonate and for their corresponding ternary complexes with phen (Meshkova et al., 1999 Tsvirko et al., 1999). Complexation of 1,10-phenanthroline induces 3- to 6-fold increases in quantum yields, which amount to 0.11-0.35% for the tris complexes while they reach 0.65-1.20% for the ternary complexes (fig. 46). A par-... 

Lanthanide complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) have been obtained as chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, perchlorates acetates, thiocyanates and selenocyanates from various solvents. 

Although the [Zn(bpy)3] + ion is labile, a number of optical studies have been made (91). The phenomenon in which the optical activity of a labile tris (chelate) complex is enhanced in the presence of a chiral environment compound is known as the Pfeiffer effect (298, 449) and was first observed in complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2 -bipyri-dine. A number of examples involving [Zn(bpy)s]2+ salts are known (298, 478, 636). 

Solutions of cerium(IV) are yellow-orange, but the color is not intense enough to act as an indicator in titrations. Several oxidation/reduction indicators are available for titrations with standard solutions of cerium(IV). The most widely used of these is the iron(II) complex of 1,10-phenanthroline or one of its substituted derivatives (see Table 19-2). 

The complex of 1,10-phenanthroline with Fe(II) is called ferroin and has been widely used in titrimetric analysis as a redox indicator. 

McKenzie, E. D. (1962) A physico-chemical study of transition metal complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and related ligands. Ph. D. Thesis, University of New South Wales. 

Mycoplasmal infection may also play a role in the etiology of rheumatoid diseases [556,557]. Since copper complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dime-thyl-l,10-phenanthroline, 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines, and 2,2 -bipyridine have been shown to be effective antimycoplasmal agents [558-561], this approach to understanding the effectiveness of therapy and the physiological response associated with elevated blood copper levels in arthritic diseases also merits study. 

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