Complexes isoelectric

Bminsma, R. (1998) Electrostatics of DNA cationic lipid complexes isoelectric instability. Eur. Phys. J. B, 4, 75-88. Bminsma, R. and Mashl, J. (1998) Long-range electrostatic interaction in DNA cationic lipid complexes. Europhys. Lett., 41(2), 165-170. 

Bruinsma R (1998) Electrostatics of DNA cationic lipid complexes isoelectric instability. Eur Phys J B 4 75-88... 

Sodium Poly(4-styrene sulfonate). The sol—gel processing of TMOS in the presence of sodium poly-4-styrene sulfonate (NaPSS) has been used to synthesize inorganic—organic amorphous complexes (61). These sodium siUcate materials were then isotherm ally crystallized. The processing pH, with respect to the isoelectric point of amorphous siUca, was shown to influence the morphology of the initial gel stmctures. Using x-ray diffraction, the crystallization temperatures were monitored and were found to depend on these initial microstmctures. This was explained in terms of the electrostatic interaction between the evolving siUcate stmctures and the NaPSS prior to heat treatment at elevated temperatures. 

NPH Isophane Human Insulin Suspension. NPH isophane insulin, also called Humulin N, Insulatard NPH Human, or Novolin N is an intermediate-acting form of human insulin produced by recombinant DNA techniques. Mixtures Humulin 70/30 and Novolin 70/30 contain 70% NPH isophane and 30% regular, whereas Humulin 50/50 contains 50% NPH isophane and 50% regular. It is adrninistered subcutaneously and should not be given intravenously. Absorption is delayed because the insulin is conjugated with protamine in a complex of reduced isoelectric solubiUty. Therapeutically, this preparation is probably comparable to purified porcine NPH insulin. However, human NPH insulin may have a slightly shorter duration of action than comparable purified porcine products. 

Righetti and co-workers [11] were one of the first to demonstrate the utility of classical isoelectric focusing for the chiral separation of small molecules in a slab gel configuration. In their system, dansylated amino acids were resolved enan-tiomerically through complexation with (i-cyclodextrin. Preferential complexation between the cyclodextrin and the derivatized amino acid induced as much as a 0.1 pH unit difference in the pK s of the dansyl group. 

The activity of the main enzyme of pectic enzymes complex, polygalacturonase, was dependent on the pH of the cultivation media the highest activity was reached at pH 3.51 (natural pH of pectin medium), the activity decreased to 70% and 20% by the cultivation at pH 5.49 and pH 7.01, respectively. The isoelectric focusing patterns showed the production of polygalacturonase multiple forms with isoelectric points varying from 3.5 to 7.5 (Fig. 3 A,B) with the possibility to influence their production with the change of the C-source and pH of the cultivation media. 

There are many proteins in the human body. A few hundreds of these compounds can be identified in urine. The qualitative determination of one or a series of proteins is performed by one of the electrophoresis techniques. Capillary electrophoresis can be automated and thus more quantified (Oda et al. 1997). Newer techniques also enable quantitative determination of proteins by gel electrophoresis (Wiedeman and Umbreit 1999). For quantitative determinations, the former method of decomposition into the constituent amino acids was followed by an automated spectropho-tometric measurement of the ninhydrin-amino add complex. Currently, a number of methods are available, induding spectrophotometry (Doumas and Peters 1997) and, most frequently, ELISAs. Small proteins can be detected by techniques such as electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and chromatography (Waller et al. 1989). These methods have the advantage of low detection limits. Sometimes, these methods have a lack of specifidty (cross-over reactions) and HPLC techniques are increasingly used to assess different proteins. The state-of-the-art of protein determination was mentioned by Walker (1996). 

Torsades de pointes, or "twisting of the points," appears on ECG as apparent twisting of the wide QRS complexes around the isoelectric baseline. 

Shen, Y., Berger, S.J., Smith, R.D. (2001). High-efficiency capillary isoelectric focusing of protein complexes from Escherichia coli cytosolic extracts. J. Chromatogr. A 914,257-264. 

Purity is an indispensable requirement of any sensitizer in a dye-sensitized solar cell. While well worked out procedures exist for the efficient purification of metal complexes, we found that the isolation of the complexes at their isoelectric point, followed by column purification using Sephadex LH-20 gel, resulted in analytically pure samples. 

PMF is generally used to identify proteins that have been previously separated by 2-D GE so that additional information including the molecular weights and isoelectric points can be used to supplement PMF identification. PMF is not well suited for searching expressed sequence tag (EST) databases that contain incomplete gene coding information for particular ESTs and it is not adequate for the analysis of complex protein mixtures in solution. 

This picture, although conceptually useful, is too simple. Kim et al. [43] showed that it is not the overall pH of the solution that dictates which species deposit on the surface, but the local pH at the support interface. The latter depends on the isoelectric point of the support, the coverage of molybdenum species and the number of NH4+ or H+ counter ions of the negative complexes. The reader is referred to [43] for details. 

---