Complexes factors affecting stability

CAA-dextrose solntions generally are stable for 1 to 2 months if refrigerated at 4°C and protected from light. However, TNA formnlations are complex mixtmes that are inherently unstable. Several factors affect stability of TNA solntions, including pH, electrolyte charges, temperature, and time after compounding. ... 

Martell, A. E., Hancock, R. D., Motekaitis, R. J., Factors affecting stabilities of chelate, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic complexes in solution, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 133, 39-65. 

Factors Affecting the Stability of Donor-Acceptor Complexes ... 

The unique ability of crown ethers to form stable complexes with various cations has been used to advantage in such diverse processes as isotope separations (Jepson and De Witt, 1976), the transport of ions through artificial and natural membranes (Tosteson, 1968) and the construction of ion-selective electrodes (Ryba and Petranek, 1973). On account of their lipophilic exterior, crown ether complexes are often soluble even in apolar solvents. This property has been successfully exploited in liquid-liquid and solid-liquid phase-transfer reactions. Extensive reviews deal with the synthetic aspects of the use of crown ethers as phase-transfer catalysts (Gokel and Dupont Durst, 1976 Liotta, 1978 Weber and Gokel, 1977 Starks and Liotta, 1978). Several studies have been devoted to the identification of the factors affecting the formation and stability of crown-ether complexes, and many aspects of this subject have been discussed in reviews (Christensen et al., 1971, 1974 Pedersen and Frensdorf, 1972 Izatt et al., 1973 Kappenstein, 1974). 

As illustrated in the previous sections, an array of MS methodologies are nowadays available to enantiodiscriminate chiral molecules by complexation with chiral selectors and to investigate the intrinsic factors affecting their stability in the gas phase. The advantages connected with studying enantioselectivity in simple ionic and neutral complexes in the gas phase instead of in complicated associations in solution come from the possibility to make precise statements upon the nature of... 

Finally, it is possible that factors affecting the individual stability of the nucleo-some (see Section 5.1.2) may also indirectly affect the folding of the chromatin fiber. The characterization of chromatin complexes consisting of core histone variants (see Section 6.1) may be very useful in this regard. 

The physicochemical factors affecting the absorption are lipid solubility, dissolution rate, salt from complexation, viscosity and drug stability in the GIT. 

Many factors affect the stability of complexes. One important factor, the multiple-bond character of the M—X bonds, will be discussed in Section 9-7. 

The formation of complexes is affected by many physical and chemical factors. Such environmental factors as solvent, temperature and pressure are often important. Concentration factors sometimes markedly influence the stabilities of the complexed species in solution. The role of the donor atoms of the ligand in forming complexes has already been mentioned. 

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