Organic copper complexation

Aluminium can be deposited from complex organic solutions if sufficient precautions are taken, and such coatings are now being produced commercially in North America. Two of the systems on record are (1) aluminium trichloride and lithium aluminium hydride dissolved in diethyl ether used at 40°C and 50A/m, and (2) aluminium chloride, n-butylamine and diethyl ether used at 20°C and 970 A/m. Deposits of 0-010 mm can be obtained on mild steel or copper at 20°C and 970 A/m using aluminium-wire anodes and nitrogen or argon atmospheres. 

The material included in this chapter has been organized by oxidation state, with further subdivision into ligand donor type, and was obtained from reports published in primary research journals. The article will cover coordination complexes of copper in three oxidation states Cum, Cu11, and Cu1. The sections dealing with specific ligand donor types cut across several structural types. In view of the all-inclusive nature of the previous review of CCC(1987), no effort will be made here to present a comprehensive account. Instead, specific cases will be chosen for discussion because they exemplify important concepts concerning the relationship of ligand structure to metal complex properties. 

Dudley L.M., McNeal B.L., Baham J.E., Coray C.S., Cheng H.H. Characterization of soluble organic compounds and complexation of copper, nickel, and zinc in extracts of sludge-amended soils. J Environ Qual 1987 16 341-348. 

The crystal structure consists of TTF layers in the (002) planes which alternate with inorganic Cu(hfac)2 layers in the (001) planes. These two layers are linked by conjugated bridge (Fig. 10a). Figure 10b focuses on the organic plane the TTF units form dimers with the shortest S—S contact equal to 3.593(3) A. In one dimer, each TTF belongs to two different complexes with copper ions lying in two... 

Mackey [854] studied the suitability of Amberlite XAD-1 resin for extracting organic complexes of copper, zinc, and iron from seawater. The results suggest... 

TMC ATRA reactions can also be conducted intramolecularly when alkyl halide and alkene functionalities are part of the same molecule. Intramolecular TMC ATRA or atom transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) is a very attractive synthetic tool because it enables the synthesis of functionalized ring systems that can be used as starting materials for the preparation of complex organic molecules [10,11], Furthermore, halide functionality in the resulting product can be very beneficial because it can be easily reduced, eliminated, displaced, converted to a Grignard reagent, or if desired serve as a further radical precursor. The use of copper-mediated ATRC in organic synthesis has been reviewed recently and some illustrative examples are shown in Scheme 3 [10,11,31,32,33],... 

A copper complex of chlorophyll in amounts not higher than 1 pg per g of product is used for coloring preserved vegetables, however the complex cannot contain more copper than 200 pg per g (Dz. U., 2003). Non-organic copper compounds were used in the past for food coloration in the 19th Century in England, copper salts were used to color food products and condiments. 

Hirose, K., Dokiya,Y. and Sugimura, Y., 1982. Determination of conditional stability constants of organic copper and zinc complexes dissolved in seawater using ligand exchange method with EDTA. Mar. Chem., 11 343-354. 

Van den Berg, C.M.G., 1984. Determination of the complexing capacity and conditional stability constants of complexes of copper (II) with natural organic ligands in seawater by CSV of copper-catechol complex ions. Mar. Chem., 15 1-18. 

Karlsson,T., Fersson, E, and Skyllberg, U. (2006). Complexation of copper(II) in organic soils and in dissolved organic matter—EXAFS evidence for chelate ring structures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40,2623-2628. 

Figure 4. Concentrations in a model of seawater chemistry including the copper sulfide reactions, a) n = 1 with Kj = 1010 and a value R - 10s for the ratio of organic copper complexes to Cu2+. b) n = 2 with K2 = 1020, R = 105.

Kundo, N.N., Keier, N. P. Catalytic Activity of Organic Copper Complexes in Cysteine Oxidation. Kinetika Katal. 8, 796 (1967). C. A. 68, 30008e (1968). 

Donat, J.R., and van den Berg, C.M.G. (1992) A new cathodic stripping voltammetric method for determining organic copper complexation in seawater. Mar. Chem. 38, 69-90. 

Tang, D., Warnken, K.W., and Santschi, P.H. (2001) Organic complexation of copper in surface waters of Galveston Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 321-330. 

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