Complex systems theory

D. A. Papaconstantopoulos and M. J. Mehl Complex Systems Theory Braneh,... 

Other important historical landmarks include the founding, in 1984, of the Santa Fe Institute, which is one of the leading interdisciplinary centers for complex systems theory research the first conference devoted solely to research in cellular automata (which is a prototypical mathematical model of complex systems), organized by Farmer, Toffoli and Wolfram at MIT in 1984 [farmer84] and the first artificial life conference, organized by Chri.s Langton at Los Alamos National Laboratory, in 1987 [lang89]. 

As far as an external aesthetic is concerned, we do have two important clues to help guide us (1) chaos theory, from which we learn that natural processes that appear complicated can often be well understood using relatively simple rules, and (2) complex systems theory, from which wc learn that interesting phenomena often emerge on higher levels from parts that are mutually interacting on the lower levels of a hierarchy. 

Gianpiero M., Mayuari K., Postar G., Energy Analysis as a Tool for Sustainability Lessens for Complex System Theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 879, pp. 344-367,1999... 

Complex systems in nature - for example ecosystems - involve a dynamic interaction of many variables (e.g. animals, plants, insects and bacteria predators and prey climate, the seasons and the weather, etc.) These interactions can adapt to changing conditions but maintain a balance both between the various parts and as a whole this balance is maintained through homeostasis. Human societies are complex systems - as it were, human ecosystems. Early humans, as hunter-gatherers, recognized and worked within the parameters of the complex systems in nature and their lives were circumscribed by the realities of nature. This they did without the need to elaborately theorize on their behaviour. Only in recent centuries did the need arise to define complex systems scientifically. Complex systems theories first developed in mathematics in the late 19th century, and then in biology in the 1920s to explain ecosystems. 

In summary, GqWq is an excellent approximation for the evaluation of QP properties of simple systems and, very likely, able to provide the main trends in more complex systems. Theories beyond GqWq are required to study other spectral features. 

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