Complementarity-determining grafting, humanization

Tan P, Mitchell DA, Buss TN, Holmes MA, et al. 2002. Super humanized antibodies Reduction of immunogenic potential by complementarity-determining region grafting with human germline sequences Application to an anti-CD28. J Immunol. 169 1119-1125. 

The next improvement was humanization - the grafting of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a mouse antibody onto a human framework [14]. For this purpose, a human framework is chosen from the database of human genes for Vh, another for Vl (k or X), and an ahgnment of the murine and human sequences is made. In addition to the CDRs themselves, differences in the framework must be taken into account (Fig. 2.2). For example, the so-caUed outer loop (some-... 

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