Complement DNA

This assay was used for the detection of three genes which are associated with MRSA and three different SERRS labels namely EAM, HEX, and TAMRA were used to identify these sequences. Using this approach it was possible to detect not only the exact complement DNA but also PCR product. It was also possible to detect every possible combination of the three sequences, present or absent, within a mixture demonstrating the multiplexing potential of SERRS for use in homogeneous molecular diagnostics assay. 

DNA polymerases perform essential roles in the replication and repair of genetic material. The DNA polymerases of several mesophiles have been extensively characterized, and the structural, biochemical, and kinetic properties of Escherichia coli, yeast, mammalian, and bacteriophage DNA polymerases have been the subject of numerous reviews. " Certain enzymes complement DNA polymerase activity with 3 - -5 -exonuclease (proofreading) activity and/or 5 - 3 -exonuclease activity, which typically reside in separate structural domains on the same polypeptide. To orchestrate DNA replication and repair, both eubacteria and eukaryotes possess multiple DNA polymerases, each with distinct properties, subunit compositions, and physiological roles. In vivo, DNA polymerases require the assistance of numerous accessory proteins to replicate and repair the genome (reviewed ). Based on amino acid sequence homology to E. coli enzymes, DNA polymerases have been classified into at least three distinct families Family A (Pol I-like), Family B (Pol Il-like), and Family C (Pol Ill-like). ... 

Section 28 14 The nucleotide sequence of DNA can be determined by a technique m which a short section of single stranded DNA is allowed to produce its complement m the presence of dideoxy analogs of ATP TTP GTP and CTP DNA formation terminates when a dideoxy analog is incorporated into the growing polynucleotide chain A mixture of polynucleotides dif fermg from one another by an incremental nucleoside is produced and analyzed by electrophoresis From the observed sequence of the comple mentary chain the sequence of the original DNA is deduced... 

Another technique often used to examine the stmcture of double-heUcal oligonucleotides is two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy (see AfAGNETiC SPIN resonance). This method rehes on measurement of the nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) through space to determine the distances between protons (6). The stmcture of an oligonucleotide may be determined theoretically from a set of iaterproton distances. As a result of the complexities of the experiment and data analysis, the quality of the stmctural information obtained is debated. However, nmr spectroscopy does provide information pertaining to the stmcture of DNA ia solution and can serve as a complement to the stmctural information provided by crystallographic analysis. 

When the RNA of a retrovirus is transcribed, what DNA base is the complement of the uracil in the viral RNA J... 

The first step in DNA sequencing is to cleave the enormous chain at known points to produce smaller, more manageable pieces, a task accomplished by the use of restriction endonucleases. Each different restriction enzyme, of which more than 3500 are known and approximately 200 are commercially available, cleaves a DNA molecule at a point in the chain where a specific base sequence occurs. For example, the restriction enzyme Alul cleaves between G and C in the four-base sequence AG-CT. Note that the sequence is a palindrome, meaning that the sequence (5 )-AGCT-(3 ) is the same as its complement (3 )-TCGA-(5 ) when both are read in the same 5 — 3 direction. The same is true for other restriction endonucleases. 

Reverse transcription is the copying of an RNA molecule back into its DNA complement. The enzymes that perform this function are called reverse transcriptases. Reverse transcription is used naturally by retroviruses to insert themselves into an organism s genome. Artificially induced reverse transcription is a useful technique for translating unstable messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules into stable cDNA. 

The 3x10 base pairs of DNA in humans are organized into the haploid complement of 23 chromosomes. The exact sequence of these 3 billion nucleotides defines the uniqueness of each individual. 

From individual to individual within a single species, the pattern of staining (banding) of the entire chromosome complement is highly reproducible nonetheless, it differs significantly from other species, even those closely related. Thus, the packaging of the nucleoproteins in chromosomes of higher eukaryotes must in some way be dependent upon species-specific characteristics of the DNA molecules. 

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