Compartments Complement system

Colony-stimulating Factors Combinatorial Chemistry Compartment Competitive Antagonists Complement System Complement-type Repeat Complex Disease Compound Libraries Compound Optimization Computational Biology Computerized Tomography COMT... 

Once a chemical is in systemic circulation, the next concern is how rapidly it is cleared from the body. Under the assumption of steady-state exposure, the clearance rate drives the steady-state concentration in the blood and other tissues, which in turn will help determine what types of specific molecular activity can be expected. Chemicals are processed through the liver, where a variety of biotransformation reactions occur, for instance, making the chemical more water soluble or tagging it for active transport. The chemical can then be actively or passively partitioned for excretion based largely on the physicochemical properties of the parent compound and the resulting metabolites. Whole animal pharmacokinetic studies can be carried out to determine partitioning, metabolic fate, and routes and extent of excretion, but these studies are extremely laborious and expensive, and are often difficult to extrapolate to humans. To complement these studies, and in some cases to replace them, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can be constructed [32, 33]. These are typically compartment-based models that are parameterized for particular... 

Finally, the dichotomy between the cytoplasmic mevalonate pathway and the plastidial MEP pathway is not strict. An exchange of metabolites occurs between the two compartments at the level of C5, Cio, and C15 prenyl diphosphates. The inhibition of one pathway (e.g., by mevinolin for the MVA pathway or by fosmidomycin for the MEP pathway) can be complemented by the other route either partially, as in most tested plant systems, or even completely, in the case of the tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell cultures (20). In addition, a regulation of the two pathways... 

The function of the innate defence system against microorganisms that have penetrated into interstitial tissues and the vascular compartment relies largely upon the processes of phagocytosis (see section 2.2.3) and of activation of the alternative complement pathway (see section 2.2.4). However, the functions of the innate system when exposed to microbial infection are also critical to the recruitment and activation of cells of the adaptive immune response (see later). 

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