Comparable worth

Disch, Zeitsch. Physih, 1921, 5, 173 compare Worthing, Phys. Review, 1926, 28, 200. 

From Eqs. (101) and (102) the comparative worth of using the linear differential equation is apparent. However, in general the choice of the linear over the nonlinear model should only be based on the strength of surface potential, rather than any relative ease of analysis. 

As noted earlier, stakeholders of job evaluations extend beyond employees and managers to include unions and, some argue, comparable worth activists. The point is that acceptability is a somewhat vague test of the job evaluation—acceptable to whom is open issue, aeatly managers and employees are important constituents because acceptance meikes it a useful device but others, inside and outside the organization, also have a stake in job evaluation and the pay structure. 

Remick, H. (1984), Comparable Worth and Wage Discrimination. Temple University Press, Philadelphia. 

Rynes, S., Weber, C., and Milkovich, G. (1989), The Effects of Market Survey Rates, Job Evaluation, and Job Gender on Job Pay, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 1, pp. 114-123. Schwab, D. P. (1980), Job Evaluation and Pay Setting Concepts and Practices, in Comparable Worth Issues and Alternatives, E. R. Livernash, Ed., Equal Employment Advisory Council, Washington, DC. 

At this point it is worth comparing the different techniques of contrast enliancements discussed so far. They represent spatial filtering teclmiques which mostly affect the zeroth order dark field microscopy, which eliminates the zeroth order, the Schlieren method (not discussed here), which suppresses the zerotii order and one side band and, finally, phase contrast microscopy, where the phase of the zeroth order is shifted by nil and its intensity is attenuated. 

Methyl acetate. An anhydrous product of 99 per cent, purity (b.p. 56-5-57°) i.s available coniniercially this is comparatively cheap so that purification of inferior products is not worth while. It is appreciably soluble in water (ca. 24 per cent, at 20°). The pure compound has b.p. 57°/760 mm. 

The annualized capital cost (ACC) is the product of the CRF and TCC and represents the total instaUed equipment cost distributed over the lifetime of the project. The ACC reflects the cost associated with the initial capital outlay over the depreciable life of the system. Although investment and operating costs can be accounted for in other ways such as present-worth analysis, the capital recovery method is preferred because of its simplicity and versatUity. This is especiaUy true when comparing somewhat similar systems having different depreciable lives. In such decisions, there are usuaUy other considerations besides economic, but if all other factors are equal, the alternative with the lowest total annualized cost should be the most viable. 

The efficiencies of the modified machines are 2%-4% higher than those achieved with comparable traditional machines. Higher efficiencies enhance the rate of condensate extraction. In a plant the size of Empress, this could result in 100,000 to 200,000 worth of additional production per year. 

It is worth noting that cyclization reactions of o-trichlorotellurodiphenylamine 40 proceed under milder conditions (refluxing their acetic acid solutions) as compared to those required for the ring closure of o-trichlorotellurodiphenyloxide and the corresponding sulfide (heating at 200°C and 240-250°C, respectively) (26JCS223 60T15). 

Finally, it is interesting to compare NETtalk s skills with the skills of commercially available text-to-speech systems such as DECtalk. Unlike NETtalk, DECtalk uses both extensive (and labor intensive) look up tables that store the phonetic transcription of common and not so common words and sets of phonological rules for words not in its main look up table. While DECtalk performs undeniably better than NETtalk, the comparison is not really a fair one. DECtalk is a combined r sult of many years worth of careful linguistic analysis and codification. NETtalk, on the other hand, is a self-contained. system that (in the span of a few hours worth of DEC VAX CPU time) can learn enough on its own from a set of simple examples to be both intelligible and accurate. 

Figure 5.4 summarises the changes occuring in A. niger in citric add production mode when compared to conventional metabolism. It is worth studying the Figure for some time because it explains some of the features necessary for a successful fermentation process. 

Nt — Nb is a better basis for comparing the unknown with a single standard than is At alone. See the analysis of high-temperature alloys (7.11). In summary Background corrections should be made only if they lead to more reliable analytical results, and opportunities to reduce the background—if possible, to the point where it may be neglected— are usually worth exploiting. 

The variances show that the standard placement error is comparable with the standard counting error. In such a situation, a ten-fold increase in N t might produce a worth-while increase in the precision of the analytical result. 

It is worth comparing the relative performance of a spectrometer-laser system using various laser types. The data are summarized in Table V 26). The data, though typical, depend considerably on the characteristics of the individual components of the spectrometer. 

To illustrate the accuracy of the perturbation theory these results are worth comparing with the well-known values of h and I4 for t = 1 rigorously found from first principles in [8]. It turns out that the second moment in Eq. (2.65a) is exact. The evaluation of I4, however, is inaccurate its first component is half as large as the true one. The cause of this discrepancy is easily revealed. Since M = / and (/) = J/xj, the second component in Ux) is linear in e. Hence, it is as exact in this order as perturbation theory itself. In contrast, the first component in IqXj is quadratic in A and its value in the lowest order of perturbation theory is not guaranteed. Generally speaking... 

This polymer is the completely fluorine-substituted analogue of poly(ethylene) i.e. [CF2CF2—The amount of this polymer produced commercially is very small compared with the output of many other synthetic polymers, but it has a number of important specialised uses and so is worth considering briefly. 

DEGRAD STABILjcIs Section 1.8.4 The analysis of stability reports often suffers from the fact that the data for each batch of product is scrutinized in isolation, which then results in a see-no-evil attitude if the numerical values are within specifications. The analyst is in a good position to first compare all results gained under one calibration (usually a day s worth of work) irrespective of the products/projects affected, and then also check the performance of the calibration samples against experience, see control charts, Section 1.8.4. In this way, any analytical bias of the day will stand out. For this purpose a change in format from a Time-on-Stability to a Calendar Time depiction is of help. 

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