Common carriage

Gas pipelines are private carriers for their customers, without common carriage or third party access (TPA) obligations (1906). 

A common carrier, or TPA provider, holds itself ready to serve the general public to the limit of the facilities that the carrier is prepared to offer. By contrast, the private carrier transports only a narrowly defined clientele - it discriminates in favor of those with contracts, affording a secondary service to those without. Gas pipelines in Europe are directed, by Article 18 of the Gas Directive, to be TPA providers. Gas pipelines in the US escaped that responsibility in 1906. When Congress passed legislation in 1938, it rejected common carriage (after having considered it) and made pipeline private carriers, who would not be obliged to carry any gas for any customer without a multi-year pipeline company contract. 

Ionic liquids are, quite simply, liquids that are composed entirely of ions. Thus, molten sodium chloride is an ionic liquid a solution of sodium chloride in water (a molecular solvent) is an ionic solution. The term ionic liquids was selected with care, as it is our belief that the more commonly used phrase molten salts (or simply melts) is referential, and invokes a flawed image of these solvents as being high-temperature, corrosive, viscous media (cf. molten cryolite). The reality is that room-temperature ionic liquids can be liquid at temperatures as low as — 96°C, and are typically colorless, fluid, and easily handled. To use the term molten salts to describe these novel systems is as archaic as describing a car as a horseless carriage. Moreover, in the patent and recent academic literature, ionic... 

The public funeral was held on August 12, when the coffin was taken from Town Hall to a nearby cemetery in a funeral procession that was nearly a mile long. Six horses drew the hearse, followed by the more notable members of the community riding in almost a hundred carriages and the common citizens of Manchester on foot. 

Vehicles are often seen in the DMTverse, including carriages, boats, and space ships—some ornate and decorated. The vehicles are perhaps metaphors that shout, Yes You are on a fantastic journey. Travel with me. Revolving wheels are common as are beings with multiple faces, reminiscent of the multiple-faced beings in Ezekiel 1 15-22 ... 

The apparatus essential to the modern chemical philosopher is much less bulky and expensive than that used by the ancients. An air pump, an electrical machine, a voltaic battery (all of which may be upon a small scale), a blow-pipe apparatus, a bellows and forge, a mercurial and water gas apparatus, cups and basins of platinum and glass, and the common reagents of chemistry, are what are required. All the implements absolutely necessary may be carried in a small trunk and some of the best and most refined researches of modern chemists have been made by means of an apparatus which might with ease be contained in a small travelling carriage, and the expense of which is only a few pounds. 

The three common pathogens (below) are spread by respiratory secretions. Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers seldom develop meningitis but they may transmit the pathogens to close personal contacts. Rifampicin by mouth is effective at reducing carriage rates. 

Chronic carriage in the UK occurs in about 5% of those infected but is more common in the immuno-... 

Until World War II (1939-1945), mostof the finest toys in the world were made of tin-plated metal. The earliest of these toys were made in the early 1800s. They were based on common objects and events, such as trains, horse-drawn carriages, sailing ships, soldiers, and people from everyday life. 

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