Poly diol commercial

For polyurethane production, Donnelly [109] has carried out the synthesis of copolyurethanes based on mixtures of commercial poly(THF diol)s with glucose. Complex products resulted, which can be represented by mono- or bis(glucoside) structures. From a variety of polyol blends, solid polyurethanes were prepared which ranged from linear, soluble, weak elastomers to polymers of higher transition temperature and stiffness, low solubility, and low extension under tensile load [110]. 

Shell Chemical has commercialized poly(trimet-hylene terephthalate) (based on 1,3 propane diol) under the trade name Corterra [Plastics Engineering, Nov. 1997]. This polyester will exhibit performance intermediate between PET and PBT and should exhibit blend potential similar to that enjoyed by these well established polyesters. 

Cycloaliphatic LC PEAs based on commercially poly(l,4-cyclohexanedimelhylene terephthalate) (PCX) have also been synthesized with two cycloaliphatic diamines and a linear counterpart (1,6-hexamethylenediamine) (Figure 8.12) [55]. The compositions of the ester/amide units in the copolymers were varied up to 50% by the adjustment of the amounts of the diol and diamine in the feed. The introduction of amide linkages was found to induce nematic LC properties into the polyester backbone, which in turn increased the polymer chain alignment. Interestingly, the introduction of nematic LC phases into PCT was only possible when a low ratio of amide units (i.e., less than 25 mol%) was incorporated into the polymer backbone. 

Figure 10. Gel permeation chromatogram of commercial poly(propylene ether) diol and diols prepared using zinc hexacyanocobaltate complex...

Polyesters are made in one of two ways by either direct reaction of a diacid and a diol or ester interchange of a diester and a diol. By far the most commercially useful polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Both methods are illustrated here. 

Figure 9 shows that the unsaturation of poly (propylene ether) diols and triols remained constant as the molecular weight was varied. By comparison, the unsaturation of commercial polyols (presumably made with potassium hydroxide) increased appreciably as the molecular weight increased. Figure 10 shows that upon varying the amount of diiso-... 

Using poly(oxytetramethylene)glycol as diol component, the subsequent polymerization of styrene led to a thermoplastic elastomer with properties similar to commercial thermoelastics . 

Harris, R.F., M.D. Joseph, C. Davidson, C.D. Deporter, and V.A. Dais. Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Molecular Weight Advanced Poly(Ethylene Ether Carbonate) Diols. Comparison to Commercial Diols. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990) 487-507. 

Manufacture. At the present time only PTMGE diols are produced commercially on a large scale. In the United States Du Pont PTHF diols are marketed under the name of Terethane, Quaker Oats glycols are marketed under the name of Polymeg, and in Europe for BASF the trade name is poly THF. 

Polyesters in general have less intermolecular cohesion (less interchain nonbonding interactions) than polyamides so that poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the only polyester, which is commercially useful as a fiber. This polymer can be prepared by direct polyesterification of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethane diol (ethylene glycol), usually with the help of a strong acid catalyst... 

In addition to PET, several other polyester systems have been evaluated for fiber use. Of these, only poly(cyclohexy1 diraethylene terephthalate) (PCHDT) appears to have achieved commercialization. The PCHDT may be prepared either by direct esterification or El processes with titanium alkoxide catalysts. The 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, used as the diol in this polymer, is most commonly a mixture of cis and trans isomers in a ratio of approximately three to seven. Because of the greater steric requirements of the cyclohexyl ring, PCHDT has a higher viscosity and higher resilience than PET. It is also easier to dye. Its specific gravity is approximately 1.22 as compared to 1.38 for PET. 

Boronic Acids as Binding Sites. Poly(vinylphenylboronic acids) are commercially available and can be used in an alkaline aqueous medium for the purification and chromatography of diol-containing compounds (64-66). In organic solvents they usually form trigonal borondiester bonds (see Equation 1 and 2). 

Macro-diisocyanates based on the reaction of an excess of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate with different poly(dimethylsiloxane)diols of different lengths have been prepared by Nikolaev et al. [71]. These macro-diisocyanates were reacted with 2 in stoichiometric proportions and the resulting adduct (22) was cured with a commercial epoxy resin in the presence of what was termed poly(ethylene)-poly(amine) at room temp-cerature, 80, and 100°C. The mechanical and thermal properties of steel-to-steel assemblies joined by these adhesives were better than those obtained using more common binders. 

Another commercially important, high molecular weight polyester is poly(butylene terephthalate), also called poly(tetramethylene terephthalate). The polymer is prepared by a catalyzed ester interchange of dimethyl terephthalate and 1,4-butane diol o, —. o... 

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