Commercial Parr autoclave

In cases where the Parr 4740 autoclave is used as the pressure containment device, multiple quartz reaction ampoules can be used in each run. These autoclaves have the advantage that up to eight quartz ampoules can be run at once. In this case, pressurization can be most conveniently accomplished by hooking up the autoclave directly to a new cylinder of inert gas. Most commercial gas suppliers supply gases in cylinders which are pressurized to 150-170 bar and the Parr autoclave can easily contain these pressures. Direct inlet adapters can be purchased from standard compressed gas dealers. Swage type and NPT connectors are suitable for these connections but any tubing must be medium walled copper or steel. 

Figure 11.31 Photograph of a sixfold autoclave bench developed by Parr Instrument Company (www.par-rinst.com). The apparatus was built in 1988, similar technologies that Parr commercialized in the early 1990s were already fully computer controlled.

FIGURE 10.2 Left two different contact configurations between the support and the synthesis gel during hydrothermal synthesis. Right Commercial autoclave from Parr Instrument Company (http /www.parrinst.com/). 

Hydrogenation experiments with simultaneous acoustic irradiation were carried out by using iso-propanol (2-propanol) as solvent in an automatic laboratory-scale autoclave (Parr 4560) with an effective liquid volume of 250 ml. The operating conditions were as follows 50 bar hydrogen pressure and 70°C (343 K) as the reaction temperature. The catalyst-to-citral ratio was 1 25 (wt wt) in the beginning of the reaction. A commercial molybdenum promoted Raney nickel catalyst with a mean particle size of approx. 22 pm and the specific surface area in the range of 80 m /g was used in the experiments. The reactor contents were analyzed oiF-line with gas chromatography (GC). 

Figure 5.1 Most hydrothermal syntheses between 100 °C and 200 °C are carried out in Teflon containers within stainless steel jackets. Commercial autoclave assemblies are designed to prevent leakage from the Teflon liner and to burst safely if the pressure increases above expected limits (due to over-temperature, for example). (Reproduced by permission of the Parr Instrument Co.)...

Among commercial suppliers of laboratory-scale autoclaves are Parr Instrument Co., Moline, 111., and Ingenieurburo S.F.S., Zurich, Switzerland. The addition of vinyl chloride to an autoclave is accomplished conveniently by volume from a calibrated shot tank fashioned from a stainless steel pipe... 

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