Commercial paper physical test measurements

The object of this study in 1971 was to assess the potential permanence characteristics of selected commercially available copy papers. Physical tests included folding endurance at 500-g tension (10) and reflective brightness (9). Sixty replicate measurements of folding endurance and 10 replicate measurements of reflective brightness were made on each paper in the fresh state and after each withdrawal time from each oven. Only three oven temperatures (60°, 70°, and 80°C) were used in this rate study with humidities adjusted as in Table II for moisture control. Comparison tests were also made using the TAPPI method (16), and the values obtained at 96 hr in the 80°C oven were used as a single-temperature, single-withdrawal moist oven comparison. 

Table II. Standard and non-standard physical test measurements of various commercial grade printing papers (determined at 23°C and 50 relative humidity).

The 3D numerical model consisting of the colluvium and the bedrock was established in this paper. Stability analyses for the colluvium were performed using the commercial software Flac . The 3D model with 5042 points and 22365 zones is shown in Figure 6. The physical and mechanical parameters of the deposit and underlying bedrock obtained from physical properties measurement and direct shear test are sununarized in Table 1. 

Tensile testing is an important part of the physical characterization of free film coatings. The fundamental properties measured relate directly to performance properties of the coating. Because of the time required to obtain and analyze tensile data, a laboratory which routinely performs tensile tests may find that an automated system is needed. Although commercial packages are available, it is feasible to develop an in-house system with relatively little expense. This paper describes one such system as implemented at Glidden Coatings and Resins with very satisfactory results. 

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