Preparation, characteristics commercial enzyme

Verma and McCalla ( ) studied the action of pepsin, papain and a commercial fungal protease on wheat gluten. All enzymes acted effectively on dispersed gluten however, the action of different enzymes produced different types of digestion products. Depending upon desired handling characteristics of bread doughs prepared from treated wheat flour, various types of protease treatments can be selected. 

Smyth, M. and FitzGerald, R.J. 1998. Relationship between some characteristics of WPC hydrolysates and the enzyme complement in commercially available proteinase preparations. Int. Dairy J. 8, 819-827. 

Chitosan is of importance because of its primary amino groups that are susceptible for coupling reactions. Furthermore, porous spherical chitosan particles are commercially available (Chitopearl, Fuji Spinning) allowing noncovalent or covalent attachment of enzymes [55]. This support matrix can be easily prepared [56] and activation methods have been summarized [57]. Treatment with polyethyleneimine or with hexamethylenediamine and glut-ardialdehyde can improve the mechanical characteristics [53,58] of the biocatalyst, which is poor otherwise. However, this is often accompanied by some activity loss or increase of diffusional limitations. 

Several characteristics of FDP aldolase make it a useful enzyme for use in synthesis. Commercial preparations of the enzyme are inexpensive (it costs 0.04 to produce 1 mmol of product per minute, i.e. 0.04 unir and it has a reasonable specific activity (60 unit mg" of protein). FDP aldolase requires no metal ions or cofactors and it is stable in the presence of oxygen and added organic cosolvents, and is not... 

Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) is atfracting increasing attention as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of low molar mass and polymeric molecules. Almost all publications on immobilized CALB use the commercially available catalyst Novozym 435, which consists of CALB physically adsorbed onto a macroporous acrylic polymer resin (Lewatit VP OC 1600, Bayer). Primarily, commercial uses of CALB are limited to production of high-priced specialty chemicals because of the high cost of commercially available CALB preparations Novozym 435 (Novozymes A/S) and Chirazyme (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). Studies to better correlate enzyme activity to support parameters will lead to improved catalysts that have acceptable price-performance characteristics for an expanded range of industrial processes. 

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